The DOI matches its Crossref record; 97 of the 97 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Cognitive Control and Flexibility in the Context of Stress and Depressive Symptoms: The Cognitive Control and Flexibility Questionnaire
Open accessAbstract
Cognitive control and (cognitive) flexibility play an important role in the ability to adapt to continuously changing environments. In addition to facilitating goal-directed behaviors, cognitive control and flexibility have been implicated in emotion regulation, and disturbances of these abilities were observed in mood and anxiety disorders. The reported studies examined the processes related to cognitive control and flexibility, emotional regulation and depressive symptoms, within the context of stressful experiences. To this end, a brief (18-item) self-report measure - the Cognitive Control and Flexibility Questionnaire (CCFQ) - was developed. This questionnaire measures the extent to which an individual is capable of exerting control over intrusive, unwanted (negative) thoughts and emotions in order to flexibly adapt and cope with a stressful situation. In Study 1, the CCFQ was assessed among both university students (N = 300) and a community sample (N = 302). Preliminary analyses suggested a stable and reliable two-factor structure, that of cognitive control over emotion, and appraisal and coping flexibility. Scores on the CCFQ were strongly associated with greater depressive symptoms, even after controlling for other measures that had been taken to reflect cognitive control and (in)flexibility (e.g., the Ruminative Response Scale; Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire). In Study 2 (N = 368), lower scores on the CCFQ were related to more negative stressor appraisals (i.e., greater perceived threat and uncontrollability) of a personally meaningful stressful event. Perceptions of threat and uncontrollability, in turn, partially accounted for the association between CCFQ subscale scores and depressive symptoms. The relation between lower CCFQ scores and heightened depressive symptoms was also partially accounted for by less frequent engagement in problem-focused coping and more use of emotion-focused methods. In Study 3 (N = 47 females), lower scores on the cognitive control over emotion component of the CCFQ predicted elevated negative affect and an exacerbated cortisol response following an acute psychosocial stressor (Trier Social Stress Test). The present research points to the CCFQ as a useful self-report tool to identify ways through which cognitive control and flexibility might be manifested in stressful situations, and how reductions in flexibility might be accompanied by elevated symptoms of depression.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“as several studies have found CI to be associated with self and parent-reported depression in autistic individuals (Gabrys et al., 2018; Hollocks et al., 2014, 2022a, 2022b; Lawson et al., 2015).”
From Investigating the Effects of Transdiagnostic Processes on Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in Autistic Young People: the Mediating Role of Emotion Dysregulation. (2025) · cites this paper as Gabrys et al., 2018
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“CI has been linked to flexible problem solving and transition between activities in autistic individuals (Uddin, 2021) and associated with anxiety and depression in autistic youth (Hollocks et al., 2019) and adult general population samples (Gabrys et al., 2018; Wang et al., 2019).”
From Investigating the Effects of Transdiagnostic Processes on Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in Autistic Young People: the Mediating Role of Emotion Dysregulation. (2025) · cites this paper as Gabrys et al., 2018
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
(2013) · Cited by 44,563
An inventory for measuring depression
BECK, A. T. (1961) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004 · Cited by 38,032 · cited 1×
“The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI; Beck et al., 1961) is a widely used 21-item measure that assesses the intensity of depressive symptoms.”
Method“Stress: appraisal and coping,”
Folkman, S. (2013) · Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_215 · Cited by 27,833
Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.348 · Cited by 11,929 · cited 8×
“In fact, this likely explains why the appraisal and coping flexibility dimension of the CCFQ was more strongly correlated with the reappraisal subscale of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire.”
InfluentialCognitive Therapy for Depression
(2012) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e675542012-001 · Cited by 9,678
Sapolsky, R. M., Romero, L. M., & Munck, A. U. (2000) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv.21.1.0389 · Cited by 7,541
Selective Cortical Undercutting As a Means of Modifying and Studying Frontal Lobe Function in Man
Scoville, W. B. (1949) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/jns.1949.6.1.0065 · Cited by 7,374
Conflict monitoring and cognitive control
Botvinick, M. M., Braver, T. S., Barch, D. M., Carter, C. S., & Cohen, J. D. (2001) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.108.3.624 · Cited by 7,351
Effects of stress throughout the lifespan on the brain, behaviour and cognition
Lupien, S. J., McEwen, B. S., Gunnar, M. R., & Heim, C. (2009) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2639 · Cited by 6,256
Kirschbaum, C., Pirke, K.-M., & Hellhammer, D. H. (2008) · Neuropsychobiology · doi:10.1159/000119004 · Cited by 6,093
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Kline, 2016, Methodology in the Social Sciences. Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling
- Muthén, Mplus User’s Guide, 1998
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–281 of 281
Thinking (and Thinking…) About Perfection: A Test of the Perfectionism Cognitions Theory
Janssen, W. F. (2019) · Brock University Digital Repository (Brock University) · doi:10.17605/osf.io/9xzju
Choice as an engine of independence : implications for employee voice and managerial decision making
Nanakdewa, K. (2020) · DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University) · doi:10.32657/10356/144869
Downstream consequences of racial essentialism : a two-dimensional approach.
Leffers, J. S. (2021)
Güzel, Y. (2022) · International Journal of Social Sciences · doi:10.52096/usbd.6.24.21
Payaz, E. B. (2022) · International Journal of Social Sciences · doi:10.52096/usbd.6.24.19
Stressors: Psychological and neurobiological processes
Anisman, H., & Kusnecov, A. W. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-91904-3.00005-7
Self-citationRezaei, S., Lafmejani, A. Q., Lapvandani, A. F., & Jahangirpour, M. (2022) · فصلنامه علمی و پژوهشی اعتیادپژوهی · doi:10.52547/etiadpajohi.16.63.167
Teorie copingové flexibility a její praktické využití (při práci s dotazníkovými metodami)
Pavelková, M., & Loneková, K. (2022) · PSYCHOLOGIE PRO PRAXI · doi:10.14712/23366486.2022.4
حســـن, ه. ح. ف. (2022) · مجلة کلية التربية · doi:10.21608/jfe.2022.249654
Downstream consequences of racial essentialism
Leffers, J. S. (2021) · doi:10.17760/d20413939
الانتباه والمرونة المعرفية والخصائص الإكلينيكية لدى مرضى الاضطراب ثنائي القطب.
توفیق, ه. ک. ی., الوهاب, ط. م. ع., & صبرة, ز. ا. ا. (2022) · مجلة المنهج العلمي والسلوک · doi:10.21608/psyb.2022.157988.1007
Алексеевич, Г. С., Васильева, С. Н., Simutkin, G. G., & Ivanova, S. А. (2022) · Bulletin of Siberian Medicine · doi:10.20538/1682-0363-2022-3-28-33
Moreno, L. T., & Higueras, J. M. (2023) · Clínica Contemporánea · doi:10.5093/cc2023a1
Alenizi, M. A. K. (2023) · Ukrainian Educational Journal · doi:10.32405/2411-1317-2023-2-49-61
รังสิตเสถียร, ส., พิชญโยธิน, น., & ลวดลาย, ส. (2019) · doi:10.58837/chula.the.2019.771
Rescaling of Cognitive Flexibility Inventory by Criticism of Turkish Adaptation Form
Avşar, V., & Pekmezci, F. B. (2023) · International Journal of Cognitive Therapy · doi:10.1007/s41811-023-00188-8
“…Scale (Bilgin, 2009), the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI; Dennis & Wal, 2010), and the Cognitive Control and Flexibility Questionnaire (CCFQ; Gabrys et al., 2018) eliminate the limitations of performance-based assessment instruments and evaluate cognitive flexibility as self-report scales.”
Covid-19 Sıkıntısı ve Bilişsel Hatalar Arasındaki İlişkide Bilişsel Esneklik ve Kontrolün Aracı Rolü
Arıcan, H., & Kafadar, H. (2022) · Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi · doi:10.7816/nesne-10-26-02
Vahid, M. A., Aghdasi, A. N., Mesrābādi, J., & Abadi, T. H. N. (2022) · doi:10.61838/kman.jayps.3.2.7
Role of Mindfulness-Meditation Practices in Cognitive Functions at the Workplace
Patangia, B., Sarkar, S., & Antony, J. M. (2024) · Advances in psychology, mental health, and behavioral studies (APMHBS) book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-2651-0.ch010
Construal level diversity in teams
Huang, Y. (2024) · DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University) · doi:10.32657/10356/178960
Yılmaz, S. (2024) · Journal of Dependence · doi:10.51982/bagimli.1527919
Tevekkül Ölçeği’nin Türk Kültürüne Uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması
ŞAHİN, M. (2024) · İlahiyat Tetkikleri Dergisi · doi:10.29288/ilted.1455725
Nightmares in the elderly: Associations with self-reported executive functions
Wildman, W. J., David, A., Hodulik, G., Balch, J., Rohr, D., & McNamara, P. (2024) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2024.10.001
(2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-23565-8.09996-8
Stressor Processes and Effects on Neurobiological Functioning
Anisman, H., Hayley, S. P., & Kusnecov, A. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-23565-8.00018-1
Self-citationAkceptácia zmeny vo vzťahu k hodnoteniu stresujúcich situácií
Hontváriová, N., & Hudáková, M. (2024) · Pomáhajúce profesie · doi:10.17846/pp.2024.7.2.46-59
Altuğ, Ş. D., & Ünal, A. (2024) · Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi · doi:10.21560/spcd.vi.1484472
The impact of induced stress on reactive and proactive control in depression
Masuyama, A. (2025) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.18821
Swarnalakshmi, S., Munivenkatappa, M., & Reddi, V. S. K. (2025) · Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1177/02537176251315390
Notash, F. D., Vafa, M. A., & Farzadi, L. (2023) · Utāq-i bāzargānī. · doi:10.61186/ijpb.17.2.143
McAlister, K. L., Lawrence‐Sidebottom, D., Roots, M., McCutchen, D., & Huberty, J. (2025) · doi:10.2196/preprints.72282
Affective strategies of self-control: Hidden risks and cognitive rigidity
Doulatova, M. (2025) · Philosophical Psychology · doi:10.1080/09515089.2025.2483682
“The ability to interrogate emotions for justification is a sure sign of cognitive flexibility (e.g., Gabrys et al., 2018).”
Verissimo, C. G. S., Cunha, M. I. V. A., Massano‐Cardoso, I., & Galhardo, A. B. (2025) · Revista Portuguesa de Investigação Comportamental e Social · doi:10.31211/rpics.2025.11.1.398
Yan, K., Ikani, N., Yusainy, C., Guineau, M. G., Witteman, C. L. M., & Spijker, J. (2025) · PsyCh Journal · doi:10.1002/pchj.70043 · Cited by 1
“The network analyses also reveal several interesting findings that contrast with the general literature derived from WEIRD samples (e.g., Gabrys et al. 2018; Gustavson et al. 2018).”
InfluentialIannattone, S., Toffoli, L., Farina, A., Mento, G., & Bottesi, G. (2025) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-025-01355-5
“These domains included: cognitive flexibility (e.g., Gabrys et al., 2018 ), the ability to manage current and future-oriented task demands (e.g., Hromova, 2022 ), emotion regulation (e.g., Lauriola et al., 2023), and inhibitory control/impulsivity (e.g., Bottesi et al., 2018 ).”
Xiaqing, H., Qingmin, S., & Li, N. (2025) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105485 · Cited by 1
Wang, T., Zhou, T., Hu, X., Zhang, Y., Hu, Z., & Luo, H. (2025) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-025-02176-3
“Cognitive flexibility deficits in depression have been documented in previous studies (Gabrys et al., 2018; Ho et al., 2017), which may explain the greater challenge in the eight-switch task.”
McAlister, K. L., Lawrence‐Sidebottom, D., Roots, M., McCutchen, D., & Huberty, J. (2025) · JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting · doi:10.2196/72282
Bielawski, T., & Misiak, B. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1647155 · Cited by 1
DOĞAN, M., & Ozan, M. (2025) · Herkes için Spor ve Rekreasyon Dergisi · doi:10.56639/jsar.1758907
Türkiye’de Bilişsel Esneklik Konusunda Yapılmış Eğitim Araştırmalarının Analizi
Görmüş, A., & Kılıç, D. (2025) · Ihlara Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi · doi:10.47479/ihead.1761291
Dumo, J., White, N. C., Jhajj, K., & Duchesne, A. (2025) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-025-02217-x
“Participants completed a demographic questionnaire and two trait questionnaires assessing their levels of impulsivity (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale; Patton et al., 1995) and cognitive flexibility (Cognitive Control and Flexibility Questionnaire; Gabrys et al., 2018).”
Alker, L. (2025) · Mental Illness · doi:10.1155/mij/9888704 · Cited by 1
“The CCFQ is an 18-item measure of cognitive con-trol and emotional regulation, emphasizing cognitive fl exi-bility as a marker of proactive control [42].”
Fatima, N. (2025) · Journal of Social Sciences Research & Policy · doi:10.71327/jssrp.34.90.110
Yuan, Y., Wang, Q., Li, X., Hu, W., Han, X., Wang, P., & Ding, J. (2026) · Journal of Adult Development · doi:10.1007/s10804-026-09551-3
“Specifically, cognitive flexibility allows individuals to more effectively reshape and recon - struct their views of the future, thus mitigating the influ - ence of negative future orientation on depressive symptoms (Gabrys et al., 2018).”
Cognitive Control and Flexibility as Predictor of Career Adaptability in Emerging Adults
DEMİRTAŞ, A. S., & Kara, A. (2020) · DergiPark (Istanbul University)
Wray, C. A., Kao, C.-C., Wang, Y., & Lyu, G.-H. (2026) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-026-09072-y
“This flexibility enables individuals to appraise challenges more positively (Gabrys et al., 2018) and enhances creativity at work (Vahle-Hinz et al., 2017).”
Kara, N. Ş. (2026) · Ankara Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksekokulu SPORMETRE Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi · doi:10.33689/spormetre.1759431
Bergmann, N., Conell, I., Hahne, I., Zierhut, M. M., Ta, T. M. T., Hahn, E., & Böge, K. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1748422
Karakaya, S., & Öncü, B. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1761915
“The Cognitive Control and Flexibility Questionnaire is a scale developed to assess individuals ’ levels of cognitive control and fl exibility in response to stressful situations (36).”
Task-based interpretation flexibility predicts real-world emotion regulation variability
Deng, W., Zhu, Y., Chen, M. S., Glatt, S., Cannon, T. D., & Joormann, J. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-47441-6 · Cited by 2
“Existing research suggests that individuals with more effective ER and greater flexibility may engage in more adaptive, context-sensitive responses to emotional experiences, allowing for greater emotional stability 14,27 .”
The Utility and Impact of an Enhancing Stress Mindset : A Multi-Study Investigation
Procommenos, C. (2024) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/45c07c8ezf55dz4d7bz9ce7z1aa1e2565550
Altın, M., Koç, M., Kutluay, P., & Ünal, Z. M. (2026) · European Journal of Psychology and Educational Research · doi:10.12973/ejper.9.2.59
Basch, R., Cohen, M., & Peled‐Avron, L. (2026) · medRxiv · doi:10.64898/2026.06.18.26355974
Afghan, R., Zangbar, H. S., Heysieattalab, S., Kalan, A. E., Besharat, A., & Samadzadehaghdam, N. (2026) · Journal of Medical Signals & Sensors · doi:10.4103/jmss.jmss_100_25
“[41] This finding confirms previous data that the P300 plays a role in processing salient and complex aspects of cognitive functions.”
Halim, G., Ainsworth, A. T., & Vasquez‐Salgado, Y. (2026) · Emerging Adulthood · doi:10.1177/21676968261455376
“This aligns with research linking cognitive control and flexibility to effective emotional regulation under stress, with deficits in these domains associated with elevated internalizing symptoms (Gabrys et al., 2018; Park & Moghaddam, 2017).”
Kuyumcu, B. E. (2026) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2026.109155
A modular model of cognitive flexibility
Nejati, V. (2026) · New Ideas in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.newideapsych.2026.101283
Shan, R., Wang, S., Golfenshtein, N., Ge, J., Zhang, H., Zhang, Y., Zhu, Y., & Cui, N. (2026) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-026-05160-7
“Cognitive flexibility refers to “one’s ability to realize which options are available, willingness to be flexible within a given situation, and confidence in the ability to behave effectively” [17], and is regarded as the cognitive foundation for coping flexibility [46].”
Teke, E., & Tunca, A. (2026) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/00332941261470798
When behaviour and self-report diverge: The role of monitoring and cognitive appraisal
Alker, L. (2026) · Next research. · doi:10.1016/j.nexres.2026.102214
Hayee, S., Friedman, J., Bernstein, G. A., Klimes‐Dougan, B., Reigstad, K. M., Abebaw, E. F., Olson, M. E., Wu, P., Williams, R., Peña-Gutiérrez, A., et al. (2026) · Arts & Health · doi:10.1080/17533015.2026.2706807
Zouerami, A., Kianimoghadam, A. S., Roaya, M. A., Zarei, S., Efazati, A., Sedighi, T., & Far, E. S. (2026) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-026-05239-1
“The larger indirect estimate through perceived cognitive flexibility is consistent with evidence linking flexibility to better mental health and adaptive coping [46, 47].”
Greenstein, E., Lee, N., McQuaid, G. A., & Wallace, G. L. (2026) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613261466302
“Reduced cognitive flexibility has similarly been theorized to increase vulnerability to internalizing symptoms, as described by Gabrys et al. (2018), through challenges shifting attention away from distress-inducing cues (Koster et al., 2011), disengaging from repetitive negative thinking (Burrows…”
InfluentialRoque, L., Hees, L. V., Leonardo, B., Santos, T., & Ferrajão, P. C. (2026) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph23081023
“The Cognitive Control and Flexibility Questionnaire (CCFQ) [40] is a measure that assesses an individual’s perceived capacity to regulate cognitive processes and to adapt flexibly to changing situational demands.”
Güdül, M. D., & Varol, D. (2026) · Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1007/s10942-026-00671-z
“These findings suggest that cognitive control over emotions and future anxiety may be useful targets for future studies and preventive interventions aimed at psycho-1 (Gabrys et al., 2018 ; Türk et al., 2022; Zaleski, 1996).”
InfluentialHarnessing Diversity: Majority‐Group Acculturation Predicts Creativity and Flourishing Over Time
Colledge, D., Lefringhausen, K., Dauber, D., Zhu, Y., Kim, K. H., Ferenczi, N., Kunst, J. R., Marshall, T. C., Zagefka, H., & Cristea, M. (2026) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.70106
Mollaioli, D., Lombardo, C., Salvo, B., Imbesi, M., Sorrenti, L., Zuccalà, F., & Mento, C. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1922964
Tian, W., Yang, J., Dai, B., & Yang, Z. (2026) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2026.122445
Kaplan, A., Özdemir, C., & GÖKKAYA, Y. (2026) · International Nursing Review · doi:10.1111/inr.70219
“The scale was initially developed by Gabrys et al. ( 2018 ) and was adapted into Turkish by Demirtaş in 2019 (Demirtaş 2019 ).”
Work-family enrichment: An integrative literature review and future research agenda
Jiang, Y., Wang, Y., & Kang, H. (2026) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2026.104296
Besch, V., Lecerf, T., Fonseca‐Pedrero, E., Greiner, C., Perroud, N. A., Prada, P., & Debbané, M. (2026) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/10731911261484450
Dündar, A. H., & Kürdo, A. (2026) · Afet ve Risk Dergisi · doi:10.35341/afet.1759168
KILIÇ, A. O., & AKFIRAT, O. N. (2026) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-026-10201-w
“Developmental evidence indicates that cognitive flexibility tends to peak earlier in adulthood and may decline modestly with age, especially under stress or cognitive load (Gabrys et al., 2018).”
Turgut, B. N., & Çeli̇k, E. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1750895
Meng, Z., Qu, M., & Qi, S. (2026) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1945703
Metadata
- Authors
- Gabrys, R. L., Tabri, N., Anisman, H., & Matheson, K.
- Affiliations
- Carleton University (CA)
- Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Gabrys, Robert L.
- Venue
- Frontiers in Psychology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2018-11-19
- Volume
- 9
- Pages
- 2219-2219
- ISSN
- 1664-1078 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6252356
- OpenAlex
- W2901368915
- Cited by
- 281
- References
- 97
- Citations by year
- 2026: 43 · 2025: 52 · 2024: 49 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 7
- FWCI
- 20.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Frontiers in Psychology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Carleton University's Institutional Repository (MacOdrum Library, Carleton University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (9180)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Keywords
- cognitive control, cognitive flexibility, depressive symptoms, stress, emotion regulation, coping flexibility, stress appraisal, threat perception, problem-focused coping, emotion-focused coping, rumination, perseverative thinking, cortisol response, negative affect, Trier Social Stress Test, self-report measure development
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
