CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 32Food Safety and HygieneMycotoxins in Agriculture and FoodAgricultural safety and regulations

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

Contaminants in Foods of Animal Origin in Cameroon: A One Health Vision for Risk Management “from Farm to Fork”

Open access
Pouokam, Guy B., Foudjo, B. U. Saha, Samuel, Chi, Yamgai, Philomina Fankam, Silapeux, A. Kamda, Sando, Joel Taguemkam, Atonde, G. Fankam, Frazzoli, Chiara·2017·Frontiers in Public Health
DOI 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00197PMC PMC5591408
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Foods of animal origin represent an important share in the diet of Cameroonian populations. Cameroon is known to be a food basket in the west and central Africa sub-region, and an important supplier of foods on the international markets. In the meantime, food importation is continuously increasing to meet the high demand of a more westernized segment of the population. Cereals, fish, sea products, eggs, honey, shrimps, chicken, and feed ingredients are important share in the international trade of agricultural products. Few controls are made on the quality and safety of these products. Certain safety standards do exist but are still yet to be enforced. Inspections done so far by regulatory authorities are partial and do not cover important hazards that require laboratory analysis. The increasing awareness of population, the burden of new types of disease, as well as the recurrence of food scandals have recently launched a scientific and population debate on the contribution of foods items, especially those of animal origin, to the toxic exposure of food producing animals and humans. This paper critically reviews the occurrence of toxicants in most consumed foods of animal origin in Cameroon. This study included the most consumed food of animal origin, identified during the national household budget survey and contributing to 8.1% of the total diet of an individual. Data evaluated suggest an important contamination by toxic metals, mycotoxins, veterinary drugs' residues, and pesticides. The current national legal framework is briefly analyzed to explore possible intervention measures in the frame of the One Health approach.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00197

Cites

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

No references could be resolved yet.

Research works printed but not linked: 64

  1. Enow Orock, 2014, Current cancer incidences and trends in Yaoundé, Cameroon, Oncol Gastroenteroly Hepathol Rep, 1, 58, 10.5530/ogh.2012.1.141 · DOI
  2. Blackadar, 2016, Historical review of the causes of cancer, World J Clin Oncol, 7, 54, 10.5306/wjco.v7.i1.54 · DOI
  3. Heindel, 2015, Parma consensus statement on metabolic disruptor, Environ Health, 14, 54, 10.1186/s12940-015-0042-7 · DOI
  4. Latini, 2010, Endocrine disruptors and human health, Mini Rev Med Chem, 10, 846, 10.2174/138955710791608271 · DOI
  5. Frazzoli, 2012, Cameroon-Nigeria-Italy Scientific Cooperation: Veterinary Public Health and Sustainable Food Safety to Promote “One Health/One Prevention”, 12/49
  6. Gimou, 2014, Dietary exposure and health risk assessment for 14 toxic and essential trace elements in Yaoundé: the Cameroonian total diet study, Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess, 31, 1064, 10.1080/19440049.2014.909953 · DOI
  7. Chuba, 2011, A Comparative Study on Compliance, Hygiene and Adequate Official Control, in Assuring Food Safety of Fish and Fisheries Products between Iceland and Cameroon
  8. Ahmed, 2011, Influence of traditional drying and smoke – drying on the quality of three fish species (Tilapia nilotica, Silurus glanus and Arius parkii) from Lagdo lake Cameroon, J Anim Vet Adv, 10, 301, 10.3923/javaa.2011.301.306 · DOI
  9. Mantovani, 2015, Sustainability, security and safety in the feed-to-fish chain: focus on toxic contamination, Int J Nutr Food Sci, 4, 6, 10.11648/j.ijnfs.s.2015040202.12 · DOI
  10. Gimou, 2013, Dietary exposure and health risk assessment for 11 minerals and trace elements in Yaoundé: the Cameroonian total diet study, Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess, 30, 1556, 10.1080/19440049.2013.813649 · DOI
  11. Gimou, 2008, Dietary exposure to pesticide residues in Yaoundé: the Cameroonian total diet study, Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess, 25, 458, 10.1080/02652030701567475 · DOI
  12. Nzouankeu, 2010, Multiple contaminations of chickens with Campylobacter, Escherichia coli and Salmonella in Yaounde (Cameroon), J Infect Dev Ctries, 4, 583, 10.3855/jidc.1019 · DOI
  13. Tchana Angele, 2010, Aflatoxin contamination in food and body fluids in relation to malnutrition and cancer status in Cameroon, Int J Environ Res Public Health, 7, 178, 10.3390/ijerph7010178 · DOI
  14. Gimou, 2014, Dietary exposure and health risk assessment for 14 toxics and essential trace elements in Yaounde: the Cameroonian total diet study, Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess, 31, 1064, 10.1080/19440049.2014.909963 · DOI
  15. Moundipa, 2010, Aflatoxin contamination in food and body fluids in relation to malnutrition and cancer status in Cameroon, Int J Environ Res Public Health, 7, 178, 10.3390/ijerph7010178 · DOI
  16. Afnabi, 2015, Microbial load of beef sold in the traditional slaughterhouse and butcher shops in Northern Cameroon, Inter J Vet Sci, 4, 183
  17. Afnabi, 2014, Typology of the Cameroon traditional slaughterhouses based on hygiene practices, Adv Anim Vet Sci, 2, 477, 10.14737/journal.aavs/2014/2.8.477.487 · DOI
  18. Fonkem, 2010, Effects of season on the microbiological quality of Kilishi, a traditional Cameroonian dried beef product, Tropicultura, 28, 10
  19. Yannick, 2013, Assessment of bacteriological quality of cook pork meat sold along the commercial street of Nkwen through Bambili Metropolis, Cameroon, Afr J Food Sci, 7, 441, 10.5897/AJFS2013.1108 · DOI
  20. Djoulde, 2015, Microbiological quality and safety of street meat-food sold in Soudano Sahelian zone of Cameroon, Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci, 4, 441
  21. Edima, 2014, Evaluation of the good hygienic practices on the production of kindirmou and lebol, Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci, 3, 247
  22. Djoulde, 2013, Processing of “Kossam” an African sour fermented milk beverage from northern Cameroon, Ann Food Sci Technol, 14, 261
  23. Stella, 2013, Microbiological survey of milk and dairy products from a small scale dairy processing unit in Maroua (Cameroon), Food Control, 32, 366, 10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.12.021 · DOI
  24. Edima, 2012, Assessment of antibiotic residues in cow milk produced in Ngaoundere, Int J Biol Pharm Allied Sci, 1, 1530
  25. Shephard, 2008, Risk assessment of aflatoxins in food in Africa, Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess, 25, 1248, 10.1080/02652030802036222 · DOI
  26. Ghiasian, 2012, Infants’ exposure to aflatoxin M1 from mother’s breast milk in Iran, Iranian J Publ Health, 41, 119
  27. Cheng, 2017, Analysis of food safety and security challenges in emerging African foods producing areas through a One Health lens: the dairy chains in Mali, J Food Prot, 80, 57, 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-15-561 · DOI
  28. 2001, Revised Codex Standard for Honey, Codex STAN 12-1981, Rev.1 (1987), Rev.2 (2001), 215
  29. Darwish, 2013, Antibiotic residues in food: the African scenario, Jpn J Vet Res, 61, S13
  30. Tchoumboue, 2007, Physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics of honey from sudano-guinean zone of West Cameroon, Afr J Biotechnol, 6, 908
  31. Ramos-Elorduy, 1997, Insects: a sustainable source of food?, Ecol Food Nutr, 36, 247, 10.1080/03670244.1997.9991519 · DOI
  32. Huis Van, 2003, Insects as food in sub-Saharan Africa, Int J Trop Insect Sci, 23, 163, 10.1017/S1742758400023572 · DOI
  33. Oliveira, 1976, The nutritional value of 4 species of insects consumed in Angola, Ecol Food Nutr, 5, 91, 10.1080/03670244.1976.9990450 · DOI
  34. Kodouki, 1987, Vitamin estimations of all stages of zygeaninea (Lepidoptera), Nature, 193, 52
  35. Womeni, 2009, Oils of insects and larvae consumed in Africa: potential sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids, Ol Corps Gras Lipides, 16, 230, 10.1051/ocl.2009.0279 · DOI
  36. Hilaire, 2009, Oils of Oryctes owariensis and Homorocoryphus nitidulus, consumed in Cameroon, J Food Technol, 7, 54
  37. Ene, 1963, Insects and Man in West Africa, 66
  38. 2015, Risk profile related to production and consumption of insects as food and feed, EFSA J, 13, 4257 [60pp.], 10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4257 · DOI
  39. 2014, Etat des lieux du secteur de la provenderie au Cameroun
  40. Ekue, 2000, Survey of the Traditional Poultry Production System in the Bamenda Area, Cameroon
  41. Pouokam, 2015, Développement d’un plan de maitrise sanitaire et d’un plan de contrôle officiel des mycotoxines dans les provenderies au Cameroun [Dissertation/Master thesis]
  42. John Crump, 2002, Bacterial contamination of animal feed and its relationship to human foodborne illness, Clin Infect Dis, 35, 859, 10.1086/342885 · DOI
  43. Fandohan, 2003, Infection of maize by Fusarium species and contamination with fumonisin in Africa, Afr J Biotechnol, 2, 570, 10.5897/AJB2003.000-1110 · DOI
  44. Kana, 2013, Assessment of aflatoxin contamination of maize, peanut meal and poultry feed mixtures from different agro ecological zones in Cameroon, Toxins, 5, 884, 10.3390/toxins5050884 · DOI
  45. Ngoko, 2008, Fungi and mycotoxins associated with food commodities in Cameroon, J Appl Biosci, 6, 164
  46. Perez Jose, 2010, Ochratoxins in feed, a risk for animal and human health: control strategies, Toxins, 2, 1065, 10.3390/toxins2051065 · DOI
  47. Rodrigues, 2011, Mycotoxin occurrence in commodities, feeds and feed ingredients sourced in the Middle East and Africa, Food Addit Contam Part B Surveill, 4, 168, 10.1080/19393210.2011.589034 · DOI
  48. Akowuah, 2015, Effects of practices of maize farmers and traders in Ghana on contamination of maize by aflatoxins: case study of Ejura-Sekyeredumase Municipality, Afr J Microbiol Res, 9, 1658, 10.5897/AJMR2014.7293 · DOI
  49. Abia, 2013, Determination of multiples mycotoxins levels from poultry feeds from Cameroon, Jpn J Vet Res, 61, S33
  50. Ediage, 2014, A comprehensive study to explore differences in mycotoxin patterns from agro-ecological regions through maize, peanut, and cassava products: a case study, Cameroon, Agric Food Chem, 62, 4789, 10.1021/jf501710u · DOI
  51. Zain, 2011, Impact of mycotoxins on humans and animals, J Saudi Chem Soc, 15, 129, 10.1016/j.jscs.2010.06.006 · DOI
  52. Pouokam, 2016, Toxicovigilance systems and practices in Africa, Toxics, 4, 13, 10.3390/toxics4030013 · DOI
  53. Mantovani, 2010, Risk assessment of toxic contaminants in animal feed, CAB Rev Perspect Agricult Vet Sci Nutr Nat Resour, 5, 46, 10.1079/PAVSNNR20105046 · DOI
  54. Proietti, 2014, Identification and management of toxicological hazards of street foods in developing countries, Food Chem Toxicol, 63, 143, 10.1016/j.fct.2013.10.047 · DOI
  55. Cheng, 2017, Analysis of food safety and security challenges in emerging African food producing areas through a One Health lens: the dairy chains in Mali, J Food Prot, 80, 57, 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-15-561 · DOI
  56. Frazzoli, 2016, Sustainable food safety and toxicant zoonoses: new prevention challenges in global health governance, Quad Soc Ital Med Trop Salute Globale, 1, 117
  57. Pouokam, 2014, Use of bisphenol A-containing baby bottles in Cameroon and Nigeria and possible risk management and mitigation measures: community as milestone for prevention, Sci Total Environ, 481, 296, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.026 · DOI
  58. Nzietchueng, 2015, It is time to implement One Health approach to address health complex challenges?, Pan Afr Med J, 22, 4, 10.11694/pamj.supp.2015.22.1.6243 · DOI
  59. Boriani, 2017, Framework to define structure and boundaries of complex health intervention systems: the ALERT project as example, Front Public Health, 5, 182, 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00182 · DOI
  60. Frazzoli, 2010, Toxicants exposures as novel zoonoses: reflections on sustainable development, food safety and veterinary public health, Zoonoses Public Health, 57, e136, 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2009.01309.x · DOI
  61. Frazzoli, 2015, The one health perspective in trace elements biomonitoring, J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev, 18, 344, 10.1080/10937404.2015.1085473 · DOI
  62. Frazzoli, 2014, Local role of food producers’ communities for a Global One-Health framework: the experience of translational research in an Italian dairy chain, J Agric Food Chem Environ, 3, 14
  63. Frazzoli, 2017, The hotspot for (global) one health in primary food production: Aflatoxin M1 in dairy products, Front Public Health, 4, 294, 10.3389/fpubh.2016.00294 · DOI
  64. Arens, 2016, A One Health approach to wildlife and food safety, 241, 10.1007/978-3-319-24442-6_11 · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 32

Metadata

Authors
Pouokam, G. B., Foudjo, B. U. S., Samuel, C., Yamgai, P. F., Silapeux, A. K., Sando, J. T., Atonde, G. F., & Frazzoli, C.
Affiliations
  • Université de Yaoundé I (CM)
  • Istituto Superiore di Sanità (IT)
Corresponding author
Pouokam, Guy B.
ORCID
Venue
Frontiers in Public Health
Publisher
Frontiers Media SA
Published
2017-09-04
Volume
5
Pages
197-197
ISSN
2296-2565 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3389/fpubh.2017.00197
PMC
PMC5591408
OpenAlex
W2752628077
Cited by
32
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 1 · 2017: 1
FWCI
0.27
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • Frontiers in Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Food Safety and Hygiene
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Agricultural safety and regulations
Keywords
food contaminants, Cameroon, One Health, food safety, toxic metals, mycotoxins, veterinary drug residues, pesticide residues, food quality regulation, risk management, household diet, food imports, toxic exposure

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review