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The Influence of Diet on Fertility and the Implications for Public Health Nutrition in the United States
Open accessAbstract
Despite growing evidence of the impact of diet on human fertility, few studies have examined the public health implications of this association in the United States (U.S.). This narrative review summarizes current scientific evidence on associations between dietary intake and fertility, discusses challenges in the public health landscape surrounding infertility, and proposes evidence-based recommendations to address these issues. Diets high in unsaturated fats, whole grains, vegetables, and fish have been associated with improved fertility in both women and men. While current evidence on the role of dairy, alcohol, and caffeine is inconsistent, saturated fats and sugar have been associated with poorer fertility outcomes in women and men. Furthermore, women and men with obesity (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30kg/m2) have a higher risk of infertility. This risk is extended to women who are underweight (BMI <20 kg/m2). Diet and BMI influence outcomes during clinical treatment for infertility. Further, women in the U.S. who belong to an underrepresented minority group, have low income, or have low educational attainment, have significantly higher rates of infertility outcomes as compared to women who are non-Hispanic white, have high income, or have high educational attainment. Given this, it may be prudent to integrate nutrition counseling into both clinical guidelines for infertility as well as national dietary guidelines for individuals of reproductive age. Further studies on diet and reproductive health may enhance our ability to improve existing fertility programs across the U.S. and to deliver tailored care to women and men within at-risk groups.
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“It is well-established that obesity is related to menstrual disorders, infertility, miscarriage, obstetric complications, live birth rate and can affect the success of assisted reproductive technology.29–32”
From Real-world menstrual cycle characteristics of more than 600,000 menstrual cycles (2019) · cites this paper as [31]
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Young Adults’ Understanding of Modifiable Risk Factors of Infertility
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Cui, S., Li, L., Qin, W., Liu, W., & Zhong, X. (2025) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2025.1451030 · Cited by 2
Fares, K. S., Tayeh, G. A., Whaibeh, E. R., Louis, R. J., Jaalouk, L. Y., Matar, Y. M., & Nakhlé, M. M. (2025) · International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine (IJRM) · doi:10.18502/ijrm.v23i1.18188 · Cited by 2
“A diet that includes eating a lot of whole grains, vegetables, fruits, fish, and mono-or polyunsaturated oils has been linked to increased semen quality in men and improved fertility in women (5).”
Fawcett, K., Martinez, A., Crimmins, M. R., Sims, C. R., Børsheim, E., & Andres, A. (2021) · BMC Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s40795-021-00454-y · Cited by 2
“Future collaboration between research institutions, clinical practice, and communities will enable the implementation of more evidence-based recommendations and interventions such as counseling to improve dietary behaviors or nutritional programs aimed at reproductive aged populations and at risk groups like those und…”
BackgroundThe Effect of Fat Consumption Intake, Obesity and Cholesterol Level On Fertility Of Women
Mudlikah, S., Suprapti, S., & Shoihah, K. (2021) · JURNAL MIDPRO · doi:10.30736/md.v13i2.303 · Cited by 2
Wada, Y., Kamioka, H., Shimpo, M., & Shimada, M. (2024) · Clinical Nutrition ESPEN · doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.04.005 · Cited by 2
Self-reported diagnoses of dietary allergens and fecundability in a North American cohort
Willis, S. K., Kuan, K. E., Hatch, E. E., Crowe, H. M., Wesselink, A. K., Rothman, K. J., Mumford, S. L., & Wise, L. A. (2024) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/deae277 · Cited by 1
Nutrition in Maternal, Child, and Adolescent Health: A Global Perspective
Agbozo, F., Müller, O., & Jahn, A. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-5432-3_6 · Cited by 1
Nutrition and exercise intervention for female fertility
Hackney, A. C., Vaamonde, D., & Manso, J. M. G. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818309-0.00024-1 · Cited by 1
Choudhuri, S., Sarkar, S., Chowdhury, P. R., Choudhuri, D., & Das, S. R. (2023) · Nutrire · doi:10.1186/s41110-023-00243-6 · Cited by 1
“Dietary patterns have an effective role in the regulation of human fertility because a proper diet with adequate nutrients can improve reproductive functions [1].”
BackgroundÇelebi, A., Kaplan, E., Zeyneloğlu, S., Kara, P., Nazik, E., Can, A. A., Buldum, A., Emül, T. G., Aksu, A., Karadağ, G., et al. (2021) · Akademisyen Kitabevi eBooks · doi:10.37609/akya.856 · Cited by 1
Jardim, N. S., Müller, S. G., & Nogueira, C. W. (2021) · Cell Biochemistry and Function · doi:10.1002/cbf.3631 · Cited by 1
Phytotherapeutic support for infertility: evaluating the evidence
Dillard, D. M. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818309-0.00010-1 · Cited by 1
Tailored Dietary Plan to Sustain Healthy Lifestyle of Adults with Restrained Mobility
Khawandanah, J. (2022) · Food Science & Nutrition Technology · doi:10.23880/fsnt-16000286
Abdulhadi, F. S. (2020) · Medico-Legal Update · doi:10.37506/mlu.v20i4.2104
Perkins, A. (2021) · Nursing Made Incredibly Easy! · doi:10.1097/01.nme.0000732000.30192.94
Guards! Guards! How innate lymphoid cells ensure local law and order
Häfner, S. J. (2021) · Biomedical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.bj.2021.04.007
“The attribution of stimulating powers to natural products, often with suggestive forms, is nearly as old as humanity, but some contain a grain of truth e especially if it is whole grains, officially recommended to improve fertility [32].”
BackgroundPhytochemical and Nutritional Quality of Abelmoschus Esculentus (L) (Okra) LeafPreprint
Borokini, F. B., Oladipo, G. O., Komolafe, O. Y., & Ajongbolo, K. F. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4001147
How can diet influence women’s reproductive health?
(2022) · Research outreach · doi:10.32907/ro-132-3123217834
The impact of nutritional status and maternal behavior on infant growth
Mulyani, E. Y., Jus’at, I., & Mustika, A. B. (2022) · Jurnal Gizi dan Dietetik Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics) · doi:10.21927/ijnd.2022.10(1).37-45
Sănătatea orală şi tratamentele pentru fertilitate – o asociere bidirecţională
Părlătescu, I., Georgescu, C. E., Roxana Georgiana, B. O. R. S., Varlas, V. N., Mehedințu, C., Cîrstoiu, M. M., & Epistatu, D. (2023) · Obstetrica şi Ginecologia · doi:10.26416/obsgin.70.1.2023.8134
Nutritional habits in Spanish female students of childbearing age
López, M. T. I., Abreu, A., Ramos‐Pichardo, J. D., & Martínez, E. F. (2023) · Journal of King Saud University - Science · doi:10.1016/j.jksus.2023.102820
Detrimental Effects of Saccharum officinarum Juice on Reproductive Functions of Female Wistar Rats
Ogunwole, E., Ebong, J. E., & Audu, L. A. (2023) · Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences · doi:10.54548/njps.v38i1.15
“The human diet has been related to adverse effects on fertility (Panth et al., 2018: Skoracka et al., 2021).”
BackgroundConsequences of Changing Lifestyle amongst Indian Millennials on Procreation: An Overview
Raj, P., Bhardwaj, G., & Podder, L. (2023) · Indian Journal of Continuing Nursing Education · doi:10.4103/ijcn.ijcn_12_22
Impact of pre-conception diet on female infertility
Kahan, W., Poborowska, D., Szafrańska, W., Polańska, K., Wojaczek, M., Niedbał, P., Kosińska, A., Kras, M., Lelek, K., & Łata, M. (2024) · Quality in Sport · doi:10.12775/qs.2024.20.54127
influence of lifestyle on female fertility. Review of the literature
Śmigielska-Mikołajczyk, M. J., Szostak, A., Szeliga, A., Szopińska, K., Graca, M., Korta, K., Oluszczak, K., Dyląg, L., Wawszkowicz, K., & Łowicka, W. (2024) · Quality in Sport · doi:10.12775/qs.2024.21.53937
A Delphi Study on the Management of Female Infertility by Homeopaths in South Africa
Anderson, R., Pellow, J., Tsele-Tebakang, T., & Solomon, E. M. (2024) · Health SA Gesondheid · doi:10.4102/hsag.v29i0.2771
“Literature highlights a diet of vegetables, whole grains, unsaturated fats and fish is associated with improved fertility outcomes (Panth et al. 2018; Skoracka et al. 2021).”
Nutraceuticals and Infertility
Sureda, A., Monserrat-Mesquida, M., & Tejada, S. (2024) · Food bioactive ingredients · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-76481-3_10
Metadata
- Authors
- Panth, N., Gavarkovs, A., Tamez, M., & Mattei, J.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mattei, Josiemer
- Venue
- Frontiers in Public Health
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2018-07-31
- Volume
- 6
- Pages
- 211-211
- ISSN
- 2296-2565 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6079277
- OpenAlex
- W2883048904
- Cited by
- 113
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 7
- FWCI
- 1.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Frontiers in Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL120951)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Reproductive Health and Technologies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
- Keywords
- diet and fertility, infertility, public health nutrition, unsaturated fat, whole grains, fish consumption, saturated fat, sugar consumption, obesity, underweight, body mass index, socioeconomic disparities, underrepresented minorities, nutrition counseling, infertility treatment outcomes, dietary guidelines, reproductive health
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