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Cited by 491Sperm and Testicular FunctionNutritional Studies and DietMale Reproductive Health Studies

Dietary patterns, foods and nutrients in male fertility parameters and fecundability: A systematic review of observational studies

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Salas-Huetos, Albert, Bulló, Mònica, Salas-Salvadó, Jordi·2017·Human Reproduction Update
DOI 10.1093/humupd/dmx006
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Infertility is a global public health issue, affecting 15% of all couples of reproductive age. Male factors, including decreased semen quality, are responsible for ~25% of these cases. The dietary pattern, the components of the diet and nutrients have been studied as possible determinants of sperm function and/or fertility. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE: Previous systematic reviews have been made of the few heterogeneous low-quality randomized clinical trials (RCTs) conducted in small samples of participants and investigating the effect of specific nutrients and nutritional supplements on male infertility. However, as yet there has been no systematic review of observational studies. SEARCH METHODS: A comprehensive systematic review was made of the published literature, from the earliest available online indexing year to November 2016, in accordance with the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. We have included cross-sectional, case-control and prospective and retrospective studies in which fertile/infertile men were well defined (men with sperm disorders, sperm DNA damage, varicocele or idiopathic infertility). The primary outcomes were semen quality or fecundability. With the data extracted, we evaluated and scored the quality of the studies selected. We excluded RCTs, animal studies, review articles and low-quality studies. OUTCOMES: A total of 1944 articles were identified, of which 35 were selected for qualitative analysis. Generally, the results indicated that healthy diets rich in some nutrients such as omega-3 fatty acids, some antioxidants (vitamin E, vitamin C, β-carotene, selenium, zinc, cryptoxanthin and lycopene), other vitamins (vitamin D and folate) and low in saturated fatty acids and trans-fatty acids were inversely associated with low semen quality parameters. Fish, shellfish and seafood, poultry, cereals, vegetables and fruits, low-fat dairy and skimmed milk were positively associated with several sperm quality parameters. However, diets rich in processed meat, soy foods, potatoes, full-fat dairy and total dairy products, cheese, coffee, alcohol, sugar-sweetened beverages and sweets have been detrimentally associated with the quality of semen in some studies. As far as fecundability is concerned, a high intake of alcohol, caffeine and red meat and processed meat by males has a negative influence on the chance of pregnancy or fertilization rates in their partners. WIDER IMPLICATIONS: Male adherence to a healthy diet could improve semen quality and fecundability rates. Since observational studies may prove associations but not causation, the associations summarized in the present review need to be confirmed with large prospective cohort studies and especially with well-designed RCTs.

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  • Oxidative stress can be reduced by the antioxidant properties of fruits and vegetables, since these antioxidants act as scavengers and reduce reactive oxygen species.

    “According to Salas-Huetos et al., oxidative stress can be reduced by the antioxidant properties of fruits and vegetables, since these antioxidants act as scavengers and reduce reactive oxygen species [89,90].”

    From Mediterranean Diet as an Antioxidant: The Impact on Metabolic Health and Overall Wellbeing (2021) · cites this paper as [90]

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Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Showell M, Mackenzie-Proctor R, Brown J, Yazdani A, Stankiewicz M, Hart R. Antioxidants for male subfertility. Cochrane Database Syst Rev Antioxid 2014;1:1-188.
  2. World Health Organization. Laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen. 5th ed. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2010.

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Authors
Salas-Huetos, A., Bulló, M., & Salas-Salvadó, J.
Affiliations
Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ES)
ORCID
Bulló, Mònica
Venue
Human Reproduction Update
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2017-03-10
Volume
23
Issue
4
Pages
371-389
ISSN
  • 1355-4786 (ISSN-L)
  • 1460-2369
DOI
10.1093/humupd/dmx006
OpenAlex
W2592813833
Cited by
491
References
128
Citations by year
2026: 39 · 2025: 53 · 2024: 67 · 2023: 75 · 2022: 63 · 2021: 57 · 2020: 49 · 2019: 47 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 6 · 2012: 1
FWCI
6.02
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Human Reproduction Update (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Rovira & Virgili repository (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición
  • Instituto de Salud Carlos III
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Sperm and Testicular Function
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Male Reproductive Health Studies
Keywords
male infertility, semen quality, fecundability, dietary habits, omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, vitamin E, vitamin C, selenium, zinc, folic acid, saturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids, processed meat, red meat, alcohol, caffeine, sugar-sweetened beverages, dairy products, fish and seafood, sperm DNA damage, varicocele, unexplained infertility
MeSH terms
Cross-Sectional Studies, Diet, Feeding Behavior, Female, Fertility, Food, Humans, Infertility, Male, Male, Pregnancy, Prospective Studies, Retrospective Studies, Semen Analysis, Observational Studies as Topic

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