Measuring patients’ satisfaction toward health tourism in Malaysia through hospital environment, nutritional advice, and perceived value: A study on Chinese exchange students
Open accessAbstract
Malaysia is a reputed destination for health tourism in the Asia Pacific region for its hospitable nature and good quality of service. Patients' satisfaction has been a key concern in health tourism to maintain the flow of tourists' arrival for medical purposes. By considering the importance of health tourism and patients' satisfaction in Malaysia, this study aimed to examine the influence of hospital environment, nutritional advice, perceived value on patients' satisfaction. This study is cross-sectional in nature and follows a quantitative approach. The researchers used questionnaires as a survey tool to obtain information from the respondents. The sample of this is chosen from Chinese exchange students in Malaysia. Using a systematic random sampling technique, 205 usable responses were selected from the respondents and proceeded with further analysis. The study conducted structural equation modeling using Smart PLS version 3. The results found that hospital environment, nutritional advice, and perceived value significantly influence patients' satisfaction in Malaysia.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Interpersonal motivation is an antecedent to holistic tourism and may play a role in the choice of health and wellness tourism.
“Interpersonal motivation is an antecedent to holistic tourism and may also play a role in the choice of health and wellness tourism, especially when there are older adults or chronic disease patients in the tour groups [42,66,67].”
From Health and Wellness Tourists’ Motivation and Behavior Intention: The Role of Perceived Value (2023) · cites this paper as [66]
The Introduction (page unavailable) describes a holistic view of health and distinguishes medical from wellness travel, but does not discuss interpersonal motivation. The Literature review links visitor motivation to satisfaction, not to choosing health or wellness tourism. Searches for interpersonal motivation, group travel, older adults, and chronic disease patients found no passage addressing the attributed claim. (LLM, conf=0.74)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Consumer Perceived Value: The Development of a Multiple Item Scale
Sweeney, J. C., & Soutar, G. N. (2001) · Journal of Retailing · doi:10.1016/s0022-4359(01)00041-0 · Cited by 6,643 · see citing works
High-quality health systems in the Sustainable Development Goals era: time for a revolution
Kruk, M. E., Gage, A. D., Arsenault, C., Jordan, K., Leslie, H. H., Roder-DeWan, S., Adeyi, O., Barker, P., Daelmans, B., Doubova, S. V., et al. (2018) · The Lancet Global Health · doi:10.1016/s2214-109x(18)30386-3 · Cited by 4,057 · see citing works
Development of a Multi-Dimensional Scale for Measuring the Perceived Value of a Service
Petrick, J. F. (2002) · Journal of Leisure Research · doi:10.1080/00222216.2002.11949965 · Cited by 1,041 · see citing works
Lam, A. (1997) · Organization Studies · doi:10.1177/017084069701800604 · Cited by 626 · see citing works
El-Adly, M. I. (2019) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2018.07.007 · Cited by 613 · see citing works
Abbas, J., Mubeen, R., Iorember, P. T., Raza, S., & Mamirkulova, G. (2021) · Current Research in Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.crbeha.2021.100033 · Cited by 578 · see citing works
Dewa, C. S., Loong, D., Bonato, S., & Trojanowski, L. (2017) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015141 · Cited by 546 · see citing works
Zhong, Y., & Moon, H. C. (2020) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods9040460 · Cited by 456 · see citing works
The influence of tourism experience and well-being on place attachment
Vada, S., Prentice, C., & Hsiao, A. (2018) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2018.12.007 · Cited by 397 · see citing works
Suhartanto, D., Brien, A., Primiana, I., Wibisono, N., & Triyuni, N. N. (2019) · Current Issues in Tourism · doi:10.1080/13683500.2019.1568400 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Itani, O. S., El-Kassar, A.-N., & Loureiro, S. M. C. (2019) · International Journal of Hospitality Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2019.01.014 · Cited by 329 · see citing works
Theoretical foundations of human decision-making in agent-based land use models – A review
Groeneveld, J., Müller, B. H., Buchmann, C. M., Dreßler, G., Guo, C., Hase, N., Hoffmann, F., John, F. C., Klassert, C. J. A., Lauf, T., et al. (2016) · Environmental Modelling & Software · doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2016.10.008 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Fernández, J. G., Gálvez-Ruíz, P., Gavira, J. F., Vélez-Colón, L., Pitts, B. G., & García, A. B. (2017) · Sport Management Review · doi:10.1016/j.smr.2017.07.003 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
Agyeiwaah, E., Otoo, F. E., Suntikul, W., & Huang, W. (2018) · Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing · doi:10.1080/10548408.2018.1541775 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Arrieta, J., Aguerrebere, M., Raviola, G. J., Flores, H., Elliott, P. F., Espinosa, A., Reyes, A., Ortiz‐Panozo, E., Rodriguez-Gutierrez, E. G., Mukherjee, J. S., et al. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22390 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Moon, H. G., & Han, H. (2018) · Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing · doi:10.1080/10548408.2018.1494083 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Rouleau, G., Gagnon, M.-P., Côté, J., Payne-Gagnon, J., Hudson, E., & Dubois, C.-A. (2017) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.6686 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Can domestic tourism relieve the COVID-19 tourist industry crisis? The case of Spain
Arbulú, I., Razumova, M., Rey‐Maquieira, J., & Sastre, F. (2021) · Journal of Destination Marketing & Management · doi:10.1016/j.jdmm.2021.100568 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Cham, T., Lim, Y.-M., Sia, B. C., Cheah, J., & Ting, H. (2020) · Journal of China Tourism Research · doi:10.1080/19388160.2020.1734514 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Tourism Impact and Stakeholders’ Quality of Life
Woo, E., Uysal, M., & Sirgy, M. J. (2016) · Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research · doi:10.1177/1096348016654971 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Why People Go to Psychiatrists
Kadushin, C. (2017) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315135779 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Almobaideen, W. A., Krayshan, R., Allan, M., & Saadeh, M. (2017) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2017.04.016 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Athanassopoulos, A. D., & ILIAKOPOULOS, A. (2003) · Production and Operations Management · doi:10.1111/j.1937-5956.2003.tb00502.x · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Hu, F., Teichert, T., Yong, L., Li, H., & Gundyreva, E. (2019) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2019.04.010 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Nian, S., Zhang, H., Mao, L., Zhao, W., Zhang, H., 陆有海, Zhang, H., & Lu, Y. (2019) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su11123321 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Wang, B., Yang, Z., Han, F., & Shi, H. (2016) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su9010022 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
The impact of major tourist markets on health tourism spending in the United States
Ridderstaat, J. R., Singh, D., & DeMicco, F. (2018) · Journal of Destination Marketing & Management · doi:10.1016/j.jdmm.2018.05.003 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Person‐Centered Care: Opportunities and Challenges for Academic Dental Institutions and Programs
Walji, M. F., Karimbux, N. Y., & Spielman, A. I. (2017) · Journal of Dental Education · doi:10.21815/jde.017.084 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Neupane, R., & Devkota, M. (2017) · International Journal of Social Sciences and Management · doi:10.3126/ijssm.v4i3.17520 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Health tourism: behavioural intention and protection motivation theory
Seow, A. N., Choong, Y. O., Choong, C., & Moorthy, K. (2021) · Tourism Review · doi:10.1108/tr-11-2020-0546 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Traiki, T. A. B., Alshammari, S., AlAli, M. N., Aljomah, N., Alhassan, N. S., Al‐Khayal, K., Al-Obeed, O. A., & Zubaidi, A. M. (2020) · Annals of Medicine and Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.amsu.2020.08.020 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Santini, F. D. O., Ladeira, W. J., & Sampaio, C. H. (2018) · International Journal of Tourism Research · doi:10.1002/jtr.2178 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Quality management in Malaysian public health care
Manaf, N. H. A. (2005) · International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance · doi:10.1108/09526860510594767 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Evaluating Potential Areas for Mountain Wellness Tourism: A Case Study of Ili, Xinjiang Province
Pan, X., Yang, Z., Han, F., Lu, Y., & Liu, Q. (2019) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su11205668 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Medical tourism market trends - an exploratory research
Ile, F. L., & Ţigu, G. (2017) · Proceedings of the ... International Conference on Business Excellence · doi:10.1515/picbe-2017-0114 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Martín, C. A., Izquierdo, C. C., & Garrido, M. (2018) · Journal of Travel Research · doi:10.1177/0047287518793040 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Gearing up for the new normal: Kenya’s tourism sector before and after the COVID-19 pandemic
Muragu, M. M., Nyadera, İ. N., & Mbugua, C. W. (2021) · Journal of Policy Research in Tourism Leisure and Events · doi:10.1080/19407963.2021.1903020 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Measuring Patient Satisfaction of the Quality of Health Care: A Study of Hospitals in Turkey
Yıldız, Z., & Erdoğmuş, Ş. (2004) · Journal of Medical Systems · doi:10.1023/b:joms.0000044960.53049.ba · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Cultural and communicative competence in the caring relationship with patients from another culture
Hemberg, J. A. V., & Vilander, S. (2017) · Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences · doi:10.1111/scs.12403 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Amoako, G. K. (2019) · Journal of Relationship Marketing · doi:10.1080/15332667.2019.1639589 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Health consciousness through wellness tourism: a new dimension to new age travelers’.
Karn, S., & Swain, S. K. (2017) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 33 · see citing works
MEDICAL TOURISM COMPETITION: THE CASE OF TURKEY
Kılavuz, E. (2018) · International Journal of Health Management and Tourism · doi:10.31201/ijhmt.372364 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Tourism and culture in Malaysia 1
King, V. T. (2018) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780429431395-5 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Louzada, M. L. D. C., Tramontt, C. R., de Jesus, J. G. L., Rauber, F., Hochberg, J. R. B., Santos, T. S. S., & Jaime, P. C. (2022) · Family Medicine and Community Health · doi:10.1136/fmch-2021-001276 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
14th International Conference on Software, Knowledge, Information Management and Applications
(2022) · International Conference on Software, Knowledge, Information Management and Applications (SKIMA) · doi:10.1109/skima57145.2022.10029454 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
(2014) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Kurgun, H., Kurgun, A., & Aktaş, E. (2018) · Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management · doi:10.15640/jthm.v6n1a6 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Personality Traits and Customer-Oriented Behavior in the Health Tourism Hospitals in Malaysia
Johari, H., & Hee, O. C. (2013) · International Journal of Trade Economics and Finance · doi:10.7763/ijtef.2013.v4.288 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Processes of Value Co-creation at a Tourist Accommodation
Oxenswärdh, A. (2018) · Quality Innovation Prosperity · doi:10.12776/qip.v22i3.1158 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Pongwat, A. (2017) · International Conference on Software, Knowledge, Information Management and Applications (SKIMA) · doi:10.1109/skima.2017.8294121 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Positioning Malaysia in Medical Tourism: Implication on Economic Growth in ASEAN Integration
Nee, A. Y. H. (2018) · Indonesian Journal Of Business And Economics · doi:10.25134/ijbe.v1i1.1359 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
International Demand for Medical Tourism in Malaysia: Evidence from Panel Data
Kadir, N., & Nayan, S. (2021) · International Journal of Business and Society · doi:10.33736/ijbs.4298.2021 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Yip, W. C.-M., & Hsiao, W. C. L. (2019) · World Scientific series in global healthcare economics and public policy · doi:10.1142/9789813236134_0005 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
The Development of Health Tourism Industries in Malaysia
Khairunnisa, C., & Hatta, M. (2017) · Impact of the 2015 Godzilla El Niño event on the Indonesian rainfall · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- [20]Kamden JN. Tourism Industry Development in Cameroon: Evaluating the Influence of Service Quality and Destination Image on Customer Satisfaction Among International Tourists (Doctoral dissertation, University of Wales Trinity Saint David) (2017).
- [46]Marković S Lončarić D Lončarić D. Service quality and customer satisfaction in the health care industry-towards health tourism market. Tour. Hosp. Manag. (2014) 20: 155– 70. Available online at: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2538570
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Health and Wellness Tourists’ Motivation and Behavior Intention: The Role of Perceived Value
Gan, T., Zheng, J., Li, W., Li, J., & Shen, J. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20054339 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
“Interpersonal motivation is an antecedent to holistic tourism and may also play a role in the choice of health and wellness tourism, especially when there are older adults or chronic disease patients in the tour groups [42,66,67].”
BackgroundCan online health information sources really improve patient satisfaction?
Sun, Y., Yu, J., Chiu, Y.-L., & Hsu, Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.940800 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Medical tourism in South East Asia: science mapping of present and future trends
Fauzi, M. A., Aripin, N. M., Alimin, N. S. N., Ting, I. W. K., Wider, W., Maidin, S. S., & Abideen, A. Z. (2024) · Asian Education and Development Studies · doi:10.1108/aeds-04-2024-0093 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Patient satisfaction determinants in Malaysian medical tourism: an analysis of MENA patients
Almodawer, Y., Alam, S. S., Sinniah, S., & Ali, M. H. (2024) · International Journal of Spa and Wellness · doi:10.1080/24721735.2024.2444705 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Panas, G., Chatzopoulou, E., & Karayanni, D. A. (2026) · International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing · doi:10.1108/ijphm-04-2025-0041 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Patient Satisfaction and Safety in Digital Medical Tourism
Yadav, S. J. (2025) · Advances in healthcare information systems and administration book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-7888-5.ch009 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Milestones in Evolving Medical Tourism From Ancient Healing to the Digital Age
Azim, S. A., Thomas, J. G., Annamma, L. M., Varma, S. R., & George, B. T. (2025) · Advances in healthcare information systems and administration book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-7888-5.ch008 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Wellness and Health Tourism in Malaysia: Current Barriers and Recommendations
Nazir, F., & Kumar, J. (2025) · Perspectives on Asian tourism · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-2867-4_9 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Excellent Service and Patient Satisfaction in Health Clinic Services
Priyantini, D., Marini, G., Ulfa, A., & Uliyah, M. (2023) · Fundamental and Management Nursing Journal · doi:10.20473/fmnj.v6i1.45670
Meher, C., & Zaluchu, F. (2025) · Patient Preference and Adherence · doi:10.2147/ppa.s533211
Integrating Nutrition Policy Into Patient-Centered Birth Health Tourism
Shree, K. C. R., & Kumar, P. P. (2026) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-6162-8.ch006
Liu, Y., Wu, Y., Ren, X., Li, M., & Wang, Y. (2026) · Polish Journal of Environmental Studies Politics Economics and Industry · doi:10.15244/peai/225525
- Authors
- Li, L., Ragavan, N. A., Patwary, A. K., & Baijun, W.
- Affiliations
- North Minzu University (CN)
- Taylor's University (MY)
- Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (MY)
- Chengde Medical University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Li, Liu
- Venue
- Frontiers in Public Health
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2022-08-09
- Volume
- 10
- Pages
- 893439-893439
- ISSN
- 2296-2565 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9395660
- OpenAlex
- W4290729788
- Cited by
- 13
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 2.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Greater South Information System
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Global Healthcare and Medical Tourism
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Patient Satisfaction in Healthcare
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare Quality and Satisfaction
- Keywords
- medical tourism, patient satisfaction, hospital environment, nutritional advice, perceived value, Malaysia
- MeSH terms
- China, Cross-Sectional Studies, Hospitals, Humans, Malaysia, Students, Patient Satisfaction, Medical Tourism
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
