Opportunities and challenges of using generative AI to personalize educational assessment
Open accessAbstract
In line with the positive effects of personalized learning, personalized assessments are expected to maximize learner motivation and engagement, allowing learners to show what they truly know and can do. Considering the advances in Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI), in this perspective article, we elaborate on the opportunities of integrating GenAI into personalized educational assessments to maximize learner engagement, performance, and access. We also draw attention to the challenges of integrating GenAI into personalized educational assessments regarding its potential risks to the assessment’s core values of validity, reliability, and fairness. Finally, we discuss possible solutions and future directions.
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GenAI's capacity to generate text, images, code, and other multimodal content opens new space for personalization, learner-AI co-creation, and immersive assessment while surfacing questions about role allocation, ethical governance, and evaluating impact at scale.
“By contrast, GenAI's capacity to generate text, images, code, and other multimodal content [39-41] opens genuinely new space for personalization, learner-AI co-creation, and immersive assessment-while simultaneously surfacing fresh questions about role allocation, ethical governance, and how to evaluate impact at scale [42].”
From A Systematic Review of Generative AI in K–12: Mapping Goals, Activities, Roles, and Outcomes via the 3P Model (2025) · cites this paper as [42]
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- Authors
- Arslan, B., Lehman, B., Tenison, C., Sparks, J. R., López, A. A., Gu, L., & Zapata-Rivera, D.
- Affiliations
- Educational Testing Service (US)
- Corresponding author
- Arslan, Burcu
- Venue
- Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2024-10-07
- Volume
- 7
- Pages
- 1460651-1460651
- ISSN
- 2624-8212 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC11491426
- OpenAlex
- W4403202015
- Cited by
- 52
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 26
- FWCI
- 3.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Institute of Education Sciences
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Artificial Intelligence in Education
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Educational Technology and Assessment
- Keywords
- generative AI, individualized assessment, personalized learning, educational assessment, student engagement, assessment validity, assessment reliability, assessment fairness, artificial intelligence in education
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