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Cited by 95Plant tissue culture and regenerationPlant Genetic and Mutation StudiesGenetics and Plant Breeding

The Role of Somaclonal Variation in Plant Genetic Improvement: A Systematic Review

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Ferreira, Mileide dos Santos, Rocha, Anelita de Jesus, Nascimento, Fernanda dos Santos, Oliveira, Wanderley Diaciso dos Santos, Soares, Julianna Matos da Silva, Rebouças, Tamyres Amorim, Morais Lino, Lucymeire Souza, Haddad, Fernando +4 more·2023·Agronomy
DOI 10.3390/agronomy13030730
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Abstract

The instability of in vitro cultures may cause genetic and epigenetic changes in crops called somaclonal variations. Sometimes, these changes produce beneficial effects; for example, they can be used in breeding programs to generate new cultivars with desirable characteristics. In this article, we present a systematic review designed to answer the following question: How does somaclonal variation contribute to plant genetic improvement? Five electronic databases were searched for articles based on pre-established inclusion and exclusion criteria and with a standardized search string. The somaclonal variation technique has been most frequently applied to ornamental plants, with 49 species cited in 48 articles, and to the main agricultural crops, including sugarcane, rice, banana, potato and wheat, in different countries worldwide. In 69 studies, a technique was applied to evaluate the genetic diversity generated between clones, and, in 63 studies, agronomic performance characteristics were evaluated. Other studies are related to resistance to pathogens, ornamental characteristics and resistance to abiotic stresses. The application of the plant growth regulators (PGRs) benzylaminopurine (BAP) and dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) was the most common method for generating somaclones, and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) molecular markers were the most commonly used markers for identification and characterization. Somaclonal variation has been used in genetic improvement programs for the most economically important crops in the world, generating genetic diversity and supporting the launch of new genotypes resistant to diseases, pests and abiotic stresses. However, much remains to be explored, such as the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms from which somaclonal variation is derived.

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  • Point mutations alter individual nucleotides within gene coding sequences, which can change the structure and function of encoded proteins.

    “Point mutations alter individual nucleotides within gene coding sequences, which can subsequently change the structure and function of the proteins they encode [45].”

    From Somaclonal Variation and Clonal Fidelity in Commercial Micropropagation: Challenges and Perspectives (2025) · cites this paper as [45]

    Section 3.7 (Molecular Studies; page unavailable) describes somaclonal variation involving changes in DNA base-pair sequences and mentions mutations. Section 4.5 discusses single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Neither passage says that point mutations occur in coding sequences or that they change the structure and function of encoded proteins. (LLM, conf=0.76)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Somaclonal variation can be a valuable tool for crop improvement.

    “It can be a valuable tool for crop improvement [45].”

    From Somaclonal Variation and Clonal Fidelity in Commercial Micropropagation: Challenges and Perspectives (2025) · cites this paper as [45]

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Authors
Ferreira, M. D. S., Rocha, A. D. J., Nascimento, F. D. S., Oliveira, W. D. D. S., Soares, J. M. D. S., Rebouças, T. A., Morais Lino, L. S., Haddad, F., Ferreira, C. F., Santos-Serejo, J. A. D., Fernández, J. S., & Amorim, E. P.
Affiliations
  • Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (BR)
  • Embrapa (BR)
  • Department of Biology, Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, Cruz das Almas 44380-000, BA, Brazil
  • Department of Plant Genetic Improvement, Embrapa Cassava and Fruit Growing, Cruz das Almas 44380-000, BA, Brazil
  • Universidad de Costa Rica (CR)
  • Department of Plant Genetic Improvement, Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, Cruz das Almas 44380-000, BA, Brazil
ORCID
Venue
Agronomy
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2023-02-28
Volume
13
Issue
3
Pages
730
ISSN
2073-4395 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/agronomy13030730
OpenAlex
W4322742090
Cited by
95
References
243
Citations by year
2026: 38 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 8
FWCI
2.50
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Agronomy (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
IITA/The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation—Accelerated Breeding of Better Bananas (OPP1093845)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Plant tissue culture and regeneration
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Genetic and Mutation Studies
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Genetics and Plant Breeding
Keywords
somaclonal variation, plant genetic improvement, ornamental plants, sugarcane, rice, banana, potato, wheat, plant growth regulators, benzylaminopurine, 2,4-D, RAPD markers, genetic diversity, disease resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, epigenetic modifications

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