Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Plus Omega-3 Restores the Mitochondrial Complex I and F0F1-ATP Synthase Activities in PBMCs of Young Children with Down Syndrome: A Pilot Study of Safety and Efficacy
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Down syndrome (DS) is a major genetic cause of intellectual disability. DS pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated, and no specific pharmacological therapy is available. DYRK1A overexpression, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction were described in trisomy 21. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a multimodal nutraceutical with antioxidant properties. EGCG inhibits DYRK1A overexpression and corrects DS mitochondrial dysfunction in vitro. The present study explores safety profiles in DS children aged 1–8 years treated with EGCG (10 mg/kg/die, suspended in omega-3, per os, in fasting conditions, for 6 months) and EGCG efficacy in restoring mitochondrial complex I and F0F1-ATP synthase (complex V) deficiency, assessed on PBMCs. The Griffiths Mental Developmental Scales—Extended Revised (GMDS-ER) was used for developmental profiling. Results show that decaffeinated EGCG (>90%) plus omega-3 is safe in DS children and effective in reverting the deficit of mitochondrial complex I and V activities. Decline of plasma folates was observed in 21% of EGCG-treated patients and should be carefully monitored. GMDS-ER scores did not show differences between the treated group compared to the DS control group. In conclusion, EGCG plus omega-3 can be safely administered under medical supervision in DS children aged 1–8 years to normalize mitochondria respiratory chain complex activities, while results on the improvement of developmental performance are still inconclusive.
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EGCG treatment ameliorates mitochondrial respiration deficits in children affected by Down syndrome.
“EGCG treatment ameliorates mitochondrial respiration deficits in children affected by Down syndrome (Scala et al., 2021)”
From Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Phytochemicals in Alzheimer’s Disease: Focus on Polyphenols and Monoterpenes (2022) · cites this paper as Scala et al., 2021
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“Regarding cognitive improvements, parents should be informed that efficacy data are still lacking in young children with DS. Future clinical studies addressing the interaction between EGCG and omega-3 as well as the analysis of EGCG effects on other relevant targets such as DYRK1A, mtDNA and ROS defense proteins will…”
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- Authors
- Scala, I., Valenti, D., Scotto D’Aniello, V., Marino, M., Riccio, M. P., Bravaccio, C., Vacca, R. A., & Strisciuglio, P.
- Affiliations
- Federico II University Hospital (IT)
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IT)
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Corresponding author
- Scala, Iris
- Vacca, Rosa Anna
- ORCID
- Venue
- Antioxidants
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2021-03-16
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 469
- ISSN
- 2076-3921 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8002266
- OpenAlex
- W3136156484
- Cited by
- 25
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4
- FWCI
- 3.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Antioxidants (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Associazione A.M.A.R. Down-Onlus (DSB.AD006.203, DSB.AD006.245)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Down syndrome and intellectual disability research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Keywords
- Down syndrome, epigallocatechin gallate, omega-3 fatty acids, mitochondrial complex I, F0F1-ATP synthase, mitochondrial dysfunction, DYRK1A, oxidative stress, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, children, nutraceuticals, plasma folate, intellectual disability, treatment efficacy and safety
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