The DOI matches its Crossref record; 156 of the 161 references it cites were found in a registry or an index, and 1 are not checked yet.
Detrimental Effects of Lipid Peroxidation in Type 2 Diabetes: Exploring the Neutralizing Influence of Antioxidants
Open accessAbstract
Lipid peroxidation, including its prominent byproducts such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), has long been linked with worsened metabolic health in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). In fact, patients with T2D already display increased levels of lipids in circulation, including low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and triglycerides, which are easily attacked by reactive oxygen molecules to give rise to lipid peroxidation. This process severely depletes intracellular antioxidants to cause excess generation of oxidative stress. This consequence mainly drives poor glycemic control and metabolic complications that are implicated in the development of cardiovascular disease. The current review explores the pathological relevance of elevated lipid peroxidation products in T2D, especially highlighting their potential role as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in disease severity. In addition, we briefly explain the implication of some prominent antioxidant enzymes/factors involved in the blockade of lipid peroxidation, including termination reactions that involve the effect of antioxidants, such as catalase, coenzyme Q10, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase, as well as vitamins C and E.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Moreover, integrating mechanistic biomarkers—such as those related to lipid peroxidation—holds potential to improve biological relevance and possibly predictive performance (18–22).”
From AI-driven cardiovascular risk prediction in patients with diabetes: bridging algorithmic innovation to equitable clinical application (2026) · cites this paper as [19]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Among candidate pathways, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation deserve attention because they are biologically linked to endothelial dysfunction and vascular injury in diabetes; however, this does not yet justify routine inclusion of such biomarkers in all machine learning models (18–21).”
From AI-driven cardiovascular risk prediction in patients with diabetes: bridging algorithmic innovation to equitable clinical application (2026) · cites this paper as [19]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Oxidative stress plays a central role in the shared pathophysiology of diabetes and cardiovascular disease, with lipid peroxidation representing one of its major downstream consequences.”
From AI-driven cardiovascular risk prediction in patients with diabetes: bridging algorithmic innovation to equitable clinical application (2026) · cites this paper as [19]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Studies have shown that oxidized lipid products and related oxidative stress markers may reflect vascular injury, inflammatory activity, and cardiometabolic dysfunction (18–22).”
From AI-driven cardiovascular risk prediction in patients with diabetes: bridging algorithmic innovation to equitable clinical application (2026) · cites this paper as [19]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“This supports the idea that lipid peroxidation markers may serve as mechanistically plausible candidate predictors; however, the present evidence base remains heterogeneous in marker selection, assay platform, and standardization, and direct comparative evidence against standard clinic-based models is still limited (20–22).”
From AI-driven cardiovascular risk prediction in patients with diabetes: bridging algorithmic innovation to equitable clinical application (2026) · cites this paper as [19]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The association between lipid peroxidation and diabetic cardiovascular complications has been extensively discussed in the literature (18, 19, 21, 22).”
From AI-driven cardiovascular risk prediction in patients with diabetes: bridging algorithmic innovation to equitable clinical application (2026) · cites this paper as [19]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Membrane lipids: where they are and how they behave
van Meer, G., Voelker, D. R., & Feigenson, G. W. (2008) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm2330 · Cited by 7,157
Ayala, A., Muñoz, M., & Argüelles, S. (2014) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2014/360438 · Cited by 6,837
Oxidative stress and diabetic complications
Giacco, F., & Brownlee, M. (2010) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.110.223545 · Cited by 5,461
Chemistry and Biological Activities of Flavonoids: An Overview
Kumar, S., & Pandey, A. K. (2013) · The Scientific World JOURNAL · doi:10.1155/2013/162750 · Cited by 5,178
Rio, D. D., Stewart, A. J., & Pellegrini, N. (2005) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2005.05.003 · Cited by 2,789
Janero, D. R. (1990) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/0891-5849(90)90131-2 · Cited by 2,735
Glutathione: overview of its protective roles, measurement, and biosynthesis
Forman, H. J., Zhang, H., & Rinna, A. (2009) · Molecular Aspects of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.mam.2008.08.006 · Cited by 2,636
NRF2 plays a critical role in mitigating lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis
Dodson, M., Castro-Portuguez, R., & Zhang, D. D. (2019) · Redox Biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2019.101107 · Cited by 2,435
Einarson, T. R., Acs, A., Ludwig, C., & Panton, U. H. (2018) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-018-0728-6 · Cited by 2,312
Tsikas, D. (2017) · Analytical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ab.2016.10.021 · Cited by 2,190
Flagged first, then by citations
4 of the 161 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- International Diabetes Federation (IDF) (2022, August 20). IDF Diabetes Atlas Tenth Edition. Available online: https://diabetesatlas.org/.
- Repetto, 2012, Lipid Peroxidation: Chemical Mechanism, Biol. Implic. Anal. Determ., 106, 7
- Firestein, 2017, Chapter 56—Autoantibodies in Rheumatoid Arthritis, Kelley and Firestein’s Textbook of Rheumatology, Volume 5, 831
- Priyanka, 2018, Lipid peroxidation: A biomarker of oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus, Malays. J. Med. Res., 2, 61
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–102 of 102
Ademosun, A. O., Ajeigbe, O. F., Adewusi, M. E., & Oboh, G. (2026) · Foods and raw materials · doi:10.21603/2308-4057-2028-1-726
Metadata
- Authors
- Shabalala, S. C., Johnson, R., Basson, A. K., Ziqubu, K., Hlengwa, N., Mthembu, S. X. H., Mabhida, S. E., Mazibuko-Mbeje, S. E., Hanser, S., Cirilli, I., Tiano, L., & Dludla, P. V.
- Affiliations
- South African Medical Research Council (ZA)
- University of Zululand (ZA)
- North-West University (ZA)
- University of Limpopo (ZA)
- Marche Polytechnic University (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Shabalala, Samukelisiwe C.
- Dludla, Phiwayinkosi V.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Antioxidants
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2022-10-20
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 2071
- ISSN
- 2076-3921 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9598619
- OpenAlex
- W4306938593
- Cited by
- 102
- References
- 161
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 17
- FWCI
- 1.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Antioxidants (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Università Politecnica delle Marche (Università Politecnica delle Marche) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform of the South African Medical Research Council (117829 and 141929)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Keywords
- lipid peroxidation, type 2 diabetes, malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxynonenal, oxidative stress, antioxidant enzymes, catalase, coenzyme Q10, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, vitamin C, vitamin E, biomarkers, cardiovascular disease, glycemic control, dyslipidemia
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
