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Cited by 10Luminescence and Fluorescent MaterialsCarbon and Quantum Dots ApplicationsPolymer Surface Interaction Studies

Recent Advances in Intrinsically Fluorescent Polydopamine Materials

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Su, Hang, Zhao, Fei·2022·Applied Sciences
DOI 10.3390/app12094560
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Abstract

Fluorescence nanoparticles have gained much attention due to their unique properties in the sensing and imaging fields. Among the very successful candidates are fluorescent polydopamine (FPDA) nanoparticles, attributed to their simplicity in tracing and excellent biocompatibility. This article aims to highlight the recent achievements in FPDA materials, especially on the part of luminescence mechanisms. We focus on the intrinsic fluorescence of PDA and will not discuss fluorescent reaction with a fluorometric reagent or coupling reaction with a fluorophore, which may cause more in vivo interferences. We believe that intrinsic FPDA presents great potential in bioapplications.

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  • PDA itself possesses reversible redox activity.

    “Second, PDA itself possesses reversible redox activity.”

    From Polydopamine-Based Biomaterials in Oral Medicine: Applications, Mechanisms, and Translational Challenges (2026) · cites this paper as [11]

    The Introduction describes oxidation of catecholamine units in PDA, supporting that PDA can undergo redox-related reactions. Neither that passage nor the discussion of dopamine oxidation in §2.1 establishes that PDA itself has reversible redox activity; reversibility is the unsupported part. (LLM, conf=0.83)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Careful control of PDA film thickness within 5-8 nm allows effective surface adhesion to be retained while preserving a favorable conductive window for signal transduction.

    “As a result, careful control of the film thickness within the range of 5–8 nm allows effective surface adhesion to be retained while preserving a favorable conductive window for signal transduction.11”

    From Polydopamine-Based Biomaterials in Oral Medicine: Applications, Mechanisms, and Translational Challenges (2026) · cites this paper as [11]

    Section 3.5, “Other Applications” (page not provided), describes polydopamine-based materials as adhesive and conductive. It does not establish a 5–8 nm film-thickness range or show that this range preserves adhesion and a conductive window for signal transduction. (LLM, conf=0.83)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • These requirements remain among the most critical translational hurdles that must be addressed before widespread clinical adoption of PDA-based coatings can be realized.

    “These requirements remain among the most critical translational hurdles that must be addressed before widespread clinical adoption can be realized.11,107”

    From Polydopamine-Based Biomaterials in Oral Medicine: Applications, Mechanisms, and Translational Challenges (2026) · cites this paper as [11]

    The Conclusions (page not provided) identify important challenges for future applications of intrinsically fluorescent PDA, including clarifying its structure and assessing long-term in vivo effects. The paper does not characterize these as the most critical hurdles to widespread clinical adoption of PDA-based coatings; its discussion concerns fluorescent PDA for sensing and bioimaging. (LLM, conf=0.83)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • PDA closely resembles natural melanin, giving it broadband optical absorption from the ultraviolet to the near-infrared region and photothermal conversion capability.

    “Structurally, PDA closely resembles natural melanin, endowing it with broadband optical absorption spanning from the ultraviolet to the near-infrared (NIR) region.”

    From Polydopamine-Based Biomaterials in Oral Medicine: Applications, Mechanisms, and Translational Challenges (2026) · cites this paper as [11]

  • The apparent heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant (k0) decreases exponentially with increasing PDA film thickness.

    “Notably, the apparent heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant (k0) decreases exponentially with increasing PDA film thickness.”

    From Polydopamine-Based Biomaterials in Oral Medicine: Applications, Mechanisms, and Translational Challenges (2026) · cites this paper as [11]

    Our copy discusses fluorescent PDA properties and sensors, but the passages found do not address electron-transfer rates through PDA films. Searches for the apparent heterogeneous electron-transfer rate constant, film thickness, and an exponential relationship found no supporting passage. (LLM, conf=0.75)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Authors
Su, H., & Zhao, F.
Affiliations
Tianjin University (CN)
Corresponding author
Zhao, Fei
ORCID
Venue
Applied Sciences
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2022-04-30
Volume
12
Issue
9
Pages
4560
ISSN
2076-3417 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/app12094560
OpenAlex
W4225260646
Cited by
10
References
120
Citations by year
2025: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2
FWCI
0.70
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Applied Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 21904096)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Luminescence and Fluorescent Materials
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Carbon and Quantum Dots Applications
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Surfaces, Coatings and Films › Polymer Surface Interaction Studies
Keywords
polydopamine, intrinsic fluorescence, luminescence mechanism, bioimaging, biosensing, biocompatibility, fluorescent nanoparticles

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