The DOI matches its Crossref record; 55 of the 56 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Probiotics-Loaded Microspheres for Cosmetic Applications
Open accessAbstract
Probiotic bacteria confer health benefits to their host, support the intestinal microbiome and fight antibiotic resistance. Probiotic products are used in the food and pharmaceutical industries and, in recent years, have become increasingly popular in the cosmetic industry. However, in the case of cosmetics, it is difficult to meet microbiological requirements while maintaining viable cells. The aim of this research study was to develop an effective way of introducing live bacteria (a strain of L. casei) into cosmetic formulations. A method of encapsulation of the bacteria was used to increase their viability. As part of the results, the effective carriers for the strain of L. casei are reported. Alginate microspheres were prepared for the systems to protect the microorganisms against external factors, such as temperature, UV light and preservatives. The obtained probiotic-loaded alginate microspheres were then used as the active ingredient of cosmetic formulations. Additionally, a preservative system was carefully selected to ensure the microorganisms’ viability and the microbiological stability of the products. The obtained results showed a significant improvement in the survival of the microencapsulated probiotic strain in the cosmetic formulations containing antimicrobial agents (6.13 log CFU/g after 120 days of storage) compared with the formulation containing the non-immobilised probiotic strain, where complete elimination of bacterial cells was observed.
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Research works printed but not linked: 7
- Łętocha, A., and Sikora, E. (2021, January 19–21). Pre- and Probiotics as Raw Materials for Cosmetic Products. Proceedings of the EYEC Monograph: 9th European Young Engineers Conference, Online.
- Michalczyk, 2023, Design of Alginate Microspheres Formulation as a Probiotics Carrier, Chem. Process Eng. New Front., 44, 20
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Current Approaches in Cosmeceuticals: Peptides, Biotics and Marine Biopolymers
Badıllı, U., & Inal, Ö. (2025) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym17060798 · Cited by 28
Starch-based encapsulation to enhance probiotic viability in simulated digestion conditions
Shoukat, L., Javed, S., Afzaal, M., Akhter, N., & Shah, Y. A. (2024) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.137606 · Cited by 26
Microspheres: Preparation Methods, Advances, Applications, and Challenges in Drug Delivery
Bhalala, K., Jadeja, D., & Dudhat, K. R. (2025) · Biomedical Materials & Devices · doi:10.1007/s44174-025-00281-w · Cited by 25
Starch functionality in cosmetics and personal care products
Biyimba, B. N., Ekaette, I., & Cobbinah‐Sam, E. (2025) · Carbohydrate Polymers · doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123597 · Cited by 15
Łętocha, A., Michalczyk, A. K., Bielecka, E., Kantyka, T., Miastkowska, M. A., & Sikora, E. S. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-16273-1 · Cited by 14
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Łętocha, A., Michalczyk, A., Ostrowska, P., Miastkowska, M., & Sikora, E.
- Affiliations
- Cracow University of Technology (PL)
- Institute of Industrial Organic Chemistry (PL)
- Corresponding author
- Łętocha, Anna
- Sikora, Elżbieta
- Venue
- Applied Sciences
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2024-01-31
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1183
- ISSN
- 2076-3417 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4391385245
- Cited by
- 14
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 2
- FWCI
- 3.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Applied Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Microencapsulation and Drying Processes
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
- Keywords
- probiotics, Lactobacillus casei, alginate microspheres, microencapsulation, probiotic viability, preservatives, antimicrobial agents, microbiological stability, cosmetic formulation, carrier systems
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