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Effect of Washing Temperature on Adsorption of Cationic Dyes by Raw Lignocellulosic Biomass
Abstract
This study evaluated the potential of using raw Maclura pomifera and wild carob for the treatment of methylene blue (MB) and crystal violet (CV) as part of the search for new, abundant, and cost-effective natural materials applicable for wastewater treatment. Additionally, it explored the impact of washing water temperature on the adsorption performance of these raw organic materials. The physicochemical properties of the materials were characterized using BET, SEM/EDS, and FTIR analyses. The effects of various experimental parameters were investigated through batch adsorption experiments. The results demonstrated that the influence of washing water temperature was material-dependent. For Maclura pomifera, the maximum adsorption capacity of methylene blue and crystal violet decreased from 134.4 and 136.6 mg g−1 for MPC to 67.1 and 90.5 mg g−1 for MPH. In contrast, the adsorption capacities of wild carob biosorbents remained consistent, with the maximum amounts adsorbed for methylene blue and crystal violet by CC, CW, and CH being close, around 78.8 and 98.9 mg g−1, respectively, indicating a minimal effect of washing temperature on this material. The adsorption of both dyes onto the adsorbents was positively affected by increasing the pH, contact time, and initial dye concentration and was negatively affected by increasing adsorbent dose or ionic strength. Adsorption isotherms and kinetics were modeled using various mathematical approaches. The kinetic data were accurately described by a pseudo-second-order model, with a significant contribution from intraparticle diffusion. The Sips and Redlich–Peterson models provided the best fit for the adsorption isotherms of both dyes on the biosorbents. These findings confirm that the selected biomaterials are excellent adsorbents for the removal of cationic dyes.
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The adsorption efficiency of MTAC increases under acidic conditions due to enhanced electrostatic interactions between the adsorbent and the pollutants.
“The effect of these parameters has been widely studied in the literature, with several investigations indicating that the adsorption efficiency of MTAC increases under acidic conditions due to enhanced electrostatic interactions between the adsorbent and the pollutants48,49.”
From Performance of maize tassel activated carbon for COD removal from industrial wastewater under optimized conditions (2025) · cites this paper as [49]
The adsorption performance of MTAC is influenced by pH, temperature, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and agitation speed.
“The adsorption performance of MTAC is influenced by several key process parameters, including pH, temperature, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and agitation speed.”
From Performance of maize tassel activated carbon for COD removal from industrial wastewater under optimized conditions (2025) · cites this paper as [49]
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Effects of supercritical carbon dioxide on waste banana peels for heavy metal removal
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El Gamal, G. A., & Gomaa, A. M. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-24902-y · Cited by 11
Metadata
- Authors
- Bounaas, M., Bouguettoucha, A., Chebli, D., Derbal, K., Benalia, A., & Pizzi, A.
- Venue
- Applied Sciences
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2024-11-11
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 22
- Pages
- 10365
- ISSN
- 2076-3417
- Cited by
- 20
- References
- 1
- Language
- en
- Funders
- National Polytechnical School of Constantine (Algeria)
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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