Recovery of Cobalt from Spent Lithium-Ion Mobile Phone Batteries Using Liquid–Liquid Extraction

Quintero-Almanza, Daniel; Gamiño-Arroyo, Zeferino; Sánchez-Cadena, Lorena Eugenia; Gómez-Castro, Fernando Israel; Uribe-Ramírez, Agustín Ramón; Aguilera-Alvarado, Alberto Florentino; Ocampo Carmona, Luz Marina

doi:10.3390/batteries5020044

Cited by 39Extraction and Separation ProcessesRecycling and Waste Management TechniquesMetal Extraction and Bioleaching

Recovery of Cobalt from Spent Lithium-Ion Mobile Phone Batteries Using Liquid–Liquid Extraction

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Quintero-Almanza, Daniel, Gamiño-Arroyo, Zeferino, Sánchez-Cadena, Lorena Eugenia, Gómez-Castro, Fernando Israel, Uribe-Ramírez, Agustín Ramón, Aguilera-Alvarado, Alberto Florentino, Ocampo Carmona, Luz Marina·2019·Batteries

DOI 10.3390/batteries5020044

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Abstract

The aim of this paper was to propose and test a continuous cobalt recovery process from waste mobile phone batteries. The procedure started with dismantling, crushing, and classifying the materials. A study on leaching with sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide was carried out with subsequent selective separation of cobalt by means of liquid–liquid extraction. The best extraction conditions were determined based on a sequence of experiments that consisted of selecting the best extractant for cobalt, then assessing the impact of extractant concentration, pH, and contact time on the extraction yield. With these conditions, an extraction isotherm was obtained and correlated with a mathematical model to define the number of extraction stages for a countercurrent process using the McCabe–Thiele method. Then, a similar study was done for stripping conditions and, as a last step, cobalt electroplating was performed. The proposed process offers a solution for the treatment of these batteries, avoiding potential problems of contamination and risk for living beings, as well as offering an opportunity to recover valuable metal.

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The organic solution of Cyanex 272 could be regenerated for Co(II) extraction.
“From the UV-VIS spectra data of the organic phase (before and after extraction as well as after stripping), it was reported that the organic solution of Cyanex 272 could be regenerated for Co(II) extraction [64].”
From Review on the Comparison of the Chemical Reactivity of Cyanex 272, Cyanex 301 and Cyanex 302 for Their Application to Metal Separation from Acid Media (2020) · cites this paper as [64]

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Authors: Quintero-Almanza, D., Gamiño-Arroyo, Z., Sánchez-Cadena, L. E., Gómez-Castro, F. I., Uribe-Ramírez, A. R., Aguilera-Alvarado, A. F., & Ocampo Carmona, L. M.
Affiliations: Universidad de Guanajuato (MX)
Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Guanajuato, Campus Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, Col. Noria Alta, Guanajuato 36050, Mexico
Departamento de Ingeniería Civil, Universidad de Guanajuato, Campus Guanajuato, Avenida Juárez No. 77, Col. Centro, Guanajuato 36050, Mexico
Departamento de Materiales y Minerales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín, Calle 75 N. 79 A 51 Bloque M17 of 407-05, Medellín 050034, Colombia
ORCID: Sánchez-Cadena, Lorena Eugenia
Ocampo Carmona, Luz Marina
Venue: Batteries
Publisher: MDPI AG
Published: 2019-05-06
Volume: 5
Issue: 2
Pages: 44
ISSN: 2313-0105 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3390/batteries5020044
OpenAlex: W2943652328
Cited by: 39
References: 30
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 1
FWCI: 2.95
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
dx.doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: Batteries (publishedVersion, cc-by)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders: Universidad de Guanajuato (project 1,078/2016.)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Extraction and Separation Processes
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Waste Management and Disposal › Recycling and Waste Management Techniques
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Metal Extraction and Bioleaching
Keywords: cobalt recovery, spent lithium-ion batteries, mobile phone batteries, liquid-liquid extraction, sulfuric acid leaching, hydrogen peroxide, selective separation, extraction isotherms, countercurrent extraction, stripping, battery recycling, metal recovery

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Recovery of Cobalt from Spent Lithium-Ion Mobile Phone Batteries Using Liquid–Liquid Extraction

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