Cited by 60Dendrimers and Hyperbranched PolymersDrug Solubulity and Delivery SystemsSupramolecular Chemistry and Complexes

The Role of Branch Cell Symmetry and Other Critical Nanoscale Design Parameters in the Determination of Dendrimer Encapsulation Properties

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Tomalia, Donald A., Nixon, Linda S., Hedstrand, David M.·2020·Biomolecules

Abstract

This article reviews progress over the past three decades related to the role of dendrimer-based, branch cell symmetry in the development of advanced drug delivery systems, aqueous based compatibilizers/solubilizers/excipients and nano-metal cluster catalysts. Historically, it begins with early unreported work by the Tomalia Group (i.e., The Dow Chemical Co.) revealing that all known dendrimer family types may be divided into two major symmetry categories; namely: Category I: symmetrical branch cell dendrimers (e.g., Tomalia, Vögtle, Newkome-type dendrimers) possessing interior hollowness/porosity and Category II: asymmetrical branch cell dendrimers (e.g., Denkewalter-type) possessing no interior void space. These two branch cell symmetry features were shown to be pivotal in directing internal packing modes; thereby, differentiating key dendrimer properties such as densities, refractive indices and interior porosities. Furthermore, this discovery provided an explanation for unimolecular micelle encapsulation (UME) behavior observed exclusively for Category I, but not for Category II. This account surveys early experiments confirming the inextricable influence of dendrimer branch cell symmetry on interior packing properties, first examples of Category (I) based UME behavior, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) protocols for systematic encapsulation characterization, application of these principles to the solubilization of active approved drugs, engineering dendrimer critical nanoscale design parameters (CNDPs) for optimized properties and concluding with high optimism for the anticipated role of dendrimer-based solubilization principles in emerging new life science, drug delivery and nanomedical applications.

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  • Nearly 40% of newly developed APIs are rejected by the pharmaceutical industries without further development, mainly due to low water solubility.

    “Nearly 40% of newly developed APIs are rejected by the pharmaceutical industries without further development, mainly due to the low water solubility.29”

    From Smart nanoparticles for cancer therapy (2023) · cites this paper as [29]

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1 of the 183 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 12

  1. [5]Cram D.J. Cram J.M. Container Molecules and Their Guests The Royal Society of Chemistry Cambridge, UK 1994
  2. [12]Tomalia D.A. Dewald J.R. Hall M.J. Martin S.J. Smith P.B. Preprints: 1st SPSJ International Polymer Conference, Kyoto, Japan, 20–24 August 1984 Society of Polymer Science Kyoto, Japan 1984 65
  3. [13]Tomalia D.A. Starburst Macromolecules Proceedings of the Flory-Pauling Macromolecular Conference (Gordon Conference)—Frontiers in Synthetic Polymer Chemistry Santa Barbara, CA, USA 10–14 January 1983
  4. [14]Tomalia D.A. Starburst/Dendritic Macromolecules Proceedings of the Akron Polymer Lecture Series Akron, OH, USA 26 April 1984
  5. [15]Tomalia D.A. A New Class of Polymers: Starburst/Dendritic Macromolecules Proceedings of the Sixth Biennial Carl S. Marvel Symposium—Advances in Synthetic Polymer Chemistry Tucson, AZ, USA 19 March 1985
  6. [16]Tomalia D.A. A New Class of Polymers: Starburst/Dendritic Macromolecules Proceedings of the ACS Great Lakes/Central Regional Meeting Kalamazoo, MI, USA 23–25 May 1984
  7. [38]Balogh L. Swanson D.R. Spindler R. Tomalia D.A. Formation and characterization of dendrimer-based water soluble inorganic nanocomposites Proc. Am. Chem. Soc. Polym. Mater. Sci. Eng. 1997 77 118 119
  8. [82]Tomalia D.A. Rookmaker M. Poly(propylene imine) Dendrimers In Polymer Data Handbook 2nd ed. Mark J.E. Oxford University Press New York, NY, USA 2009 979 982
  9. [180]Tomalia D.A. Nixon L.S. Hedstrand D.M. Engineering critical nanoscale design parameters (CNDPs): A strategy for developing effective nanomedicine therapies and assessing (QNSARs) Pharmaceutical Applications of Dendrimers Chauhan A. Hitesh K. Elsevier Inc. Amsterdam, The Netherlands 2020
  10. [185]Tomalia D.A. Khanna S.N. Progress in the Development of a Systematic Nanoperiodic Framework for Unifying Nanoscience Taylor & Francis Abingdon, UK 2019
  11. [186]Tomalia D.A. Christensen J.B. Boas U. Dendrimers, Dendrons, and Dendritic Polymers: Discovery, Applications and the Future Cambridge University Press New York, NY, USA 2012 412
  12. [197]Grand View Research Nanomedicine market size worth $350.8 billion by 2025 |CAGR: 11.2% (2017) Available online: https://www.grandviewresearch.com/press-release/global-nanomedicine-market (accessed on 30 March 2020)

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Authors
Tomalia, D. A., Nixon, L. S., & Hedstrand, D. M.
Affiliations
  • Virginia Commonwealth University (US)
  • National Dendrimer and Nanotechnology Center, NanoSynthons LLC, 1200 N. Fancher Avenue, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48858, USA
Corresponding author
Tomalia, Donald A.
Venue
Biomolecules
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2020-04-21
Volume
10
Issue
4
Pages
642
ISSN
2218-273X (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W3019703663
Cited by
60
References
183
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 6
FWCI
0.68
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Biomolecules (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Dendrimers and Hyperbranched Polymers
  • Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Drug Solubulity and Delivery Systems
  • Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Supramolecular Chemistry and Complexes
Keywords
dendrimers, dendrimer encapsulation, unimolecular micelles, drug solubilization, drug delivery systems
MeSH terms
Drug Compounding, Micelles, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Dendrimers, Nanoparticles, Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions

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