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Cited by 40Oral microbiology and periodontitis researchAdvanced Drug Delivery SystemsPeriodontal Regeneration and Treatments

Advances in Local Drug Delivery for Periodontal Treatment: Present Strategies and Future Directions

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Nakajima, Mayuka, Yanagawa, Mayuko, Takikawa, Honoka, Thien, Truong Tran, Zegarra-Caceres, Lorena, Yan, Chunyang, Tabeta, Koichi·2025·Biomolecules
DOI 10.3390/biom15060903PMC PMC12191426
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Abstract

Periodontitis is a highly prevalent, irreversible inflammatory disease characterized by the destruction of tooth-supporting tissues, eventually leading to tooth loss. Conventional treatment involves the mechanical removal of the subgingival biofilm, which is a major cause of gingival inflammation. However, the inaccessibility of deep-seated polymicrobial biofilms limits its effectiveness. Despite the adjunct use of systemic antimicrobials, their low site-specific bioavailability and systemic side effects remain concerns. Local drug administration offers a targeted alternative. However, the dynamic oral environment, which is characterized by continuous salivary and gingival crevicular fluid flow, poses challenges in maintaining therapeutic drug levels. Drug delivery systems (DDSs) provide technical solutions to overcome these limitations. With advancements in materials science and nanotechnology, diverse local DDS (LDDS) formulations tailored for periodontal applications have been developed. While traditionally focused on infection control, the application of LDDSs has expanded beyond antimicrobial therapy. Increasing attention has been paid to LDDS-based regenerative strategies, which aim to overcome the limitations of conventional regenerative therapies. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current and emerging DDS strategies in periodontal therapy, focusing on their applications in infection management and bone regeneration and discussing their limitations and prospects for clinical translation.

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  • PDA can function as an efficient carrier for chemotherapeutic agents, enabling construction of combined chemo-photothermal therapeutic systems.

    “PDA can also function as an efficient carrier for chemotherapeutic agents, enabling the construction of combined chemo–photothermal therapeutic systems.”

    From Polydopamine-Based Biomaterials in Oral Medicine: Applications, Mechanisms, and Translational Challenges (2026) · cites this paper as [81]

    Section 4.3, Table 4 (page unavailable), describes polydopamine nanoparticles in a gel delivering antimicrobial peptides with sustained release. This supports PDA’s use in a drug-delivery system, but not its use as a carrier for chemotherapeutic agents or in a combined chemo–photothermal system. Section 4.2 discusses photothermal drug release using other materials, not PDA. (LLM, conf=0.83)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Owing to their porous architecture and high surface reactivity, PDA nanoparticles are capable of simultaneously loading chemotherapeutic drugs such as doxorubicin (DOX).

    “Owing to their porous architecture and high surface reactivity, PDA nanoparticles are capable of simultaneously loading chemotherapeutic drugs, such as doxorubicin (DOX).81”

    From Polydopamine-Based Biomaterials in Oral Medicine: Applications, Mechanisms, and Translational Challenges (2026) · cites this paper as [81]

    Section 4.3 says nanoparticles’ high surface-area-to-volume ratio permits greater drug-loading capacity, and its table lists polydopamine nanoparticles carrying antimicrobial peptides. The paper does not establish porous architecture or high surface reactivity as the reason for loading, nor does it report polydopamine nanoparticles loading doxorubicin or drugs simultaneously. No page number is available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • In vitro antibacterial assays, simplified biofilm models, release studies, and selected animal models show that PDA-based systems can achieve biofilm inhibition, ROS regulation, localized drug release, photothermal/photodynamic antibacterial effects, and inflammation control.

    “In vitro antibacterial assays, simplified biofilm models, release studies, and selected animal models show biofilm inhibition, ROS regulation, localized drug release, photothermal/photodynamic antibacterial effects, and inflammation control.”

    From Polydopamine-Based Biomaterials in Oral Medicine: Applications, Mechanisms, and Translational Challenges (2026) · cites this paper as [81]

    Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Nakajima, M., Yanagawa, M., Takikawa, H., Thien, T. T., Zegarra-Caceres, L., Yan, C., & Tabeta, K.
Affiliations
Niigata University (JP)
Corresponding author
  • Nakajima, Mayuka
  • Tabeta, Koichi
ORCID
Venue
Biomolecules
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2025-06-19
Volume
15
Issue
6
Pages
903
ISSN
2218-273X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/biom15060903
PMC
PMC12191426
OpenAlex
W4411451502
Cited by
40
References
1
Citations by year
2026: 37 · 2025: 3
FWCI
6.79
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Biomolecules (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • JSPS KAKENHI (25K20281)
  • TERUMO LIFE SCIENCE FOUNDATION, Kanagawa, Japan (25K20281)
  • Takeda Science Foundation, Osaka, Japan (25K20281)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
  • Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Urology › Periodontal Regeneration and Treatments
Keywords
periodontitis, local drug delivery systems, periodontal treatment, subgingival plaque, antimicrobial therapy, gingival crevicular fluid, salivary flow, nanotechnology, regenerative periodontal therapy, bone regeneration
MeSH terms
Animals, Anti-Infective Agents, Humans, Periodontal Diseases, Periodontitis, Drug Delivery Systems, Biofilms

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