CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 1,292Oral microbiology and periodontitis researchInfective Endocarditis Diagnosis and ManagementDental Research and COVID-19

Systemic Diseases Caused by Oral Infection

Open access
Li, Xiaojing, Kolltveit, Kristin M., Tronstad, Leif, Olsen, Ingar·2000·Clinical Microbiology Reviews
DOI 10.1128/cmr.13.4.547PMC PMC88948
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

SUMMARY: Recently, it has been recognized that oral infection, especially periodontitis, may affect the course and pathogenesis of a number of systemic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, bacterial pneumonia, diabetes mellitus, and low birth weight. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the current status of oral infections, especially periodontitis, as a causal factor for systemic diseases. Three mechanisms or pathways linking oral infections to secondary systemic effects have been proposed: (i) metastatic spread of infection from the oral cavity as a result of transient bacteremia, (ii) metastatic injury from the effects of circulating oral microbial toxins, and (iii) metastatic inflammation caused by immunological injury induced by oral microorganisms. Periodontitis as a major oral infection may affect the host's susceptibility to systemic disease in three ways: by shared risk factors; subgingival biofilms acting as reservoirs of gram-negative bacteria; and the periodontium acting as a reservoir of inflammatory mediators. Proposed evidence and mechanisms of the above odontogenic systemic diseases are given.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1128/cmr.13.4.547

Cites

135 of 135 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Three primary mechanisms linking oral infection to systemic pathology have been identified: spread of infection from the oral cavity as a result of transient bacteremia; circulation of microbial toxins; and systemic inflammation caused by adverse immunologic responses to oral microbes.

    “Three primary mechanisms linking oral infection to systemic pathology have been identified: spread of infection from the oral cavity as a result of transient bacteremia; circulation of microbial toxins; and systemic inflammation caused by adverse immunologic responses to oral microbes.196”

    From The oral microbiome: Role of key organisms and complex networks in oral health and disease (2021) · cites this paper as [196]

  • Lipopolysaccharide induces secretion of inflammatory factors that promote platelet aggregation and adhesion, formation of lipid foam cells, and accumulation of cholesterol deposits.

    “Moreover, lipopolysaccharide induces secretion of inflammatory factors that promote platelet aggregation and adhesion, formation of lipid foam cells, and accumulation of cholesterol deposits.196”

    From The oral microbiome: Role of key organisms and complex networks in oral health and disease (2021) · cites this paper as [196]

  • Such pro-inflammatory molecules can directly access the circulatory system and induce systemic effects, such as coagulation and thrombosis, platelet aggregation and adhesion, and accumulation of cholesterol deposits.

    “Such pro‐inflammatory molecules can directly access the circularity (cardiovascular) system and induce systemic effects, such as coagulation and thrombosis, platelet aggregation and adhesion, and accumulation of cholesterol deposits.196”

    From The oral microbiome: Role of key organisms and complex networks in oral health and disease (2021) · cites this paper as [196]

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Li, X., Kolltveit, K. M., Tronstad, L., & Olsen, I.
Affiliations
  • <!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Oral Biology1 and
  • University of Oslo (NO)
ORCID
Olsen, Ingar
Venue
Clinical Microbiology Reviews
Publisher
American Society for Microbiology
Published
2000-10
Volume
13
Issue
4
Pages
547-558
ISSN
  • 0893-8512 (ISSN-L)
  • 1098-6618
DOI
10.1128/cmr.13.4.547
PMC
PMC88948
OpenAlex
W2170474721
Cited by
1,292
References
135
Citations by year
2026: 45 · 2025: 73 · 2024: 71 · 2023: 82 · 2022: 81 · 2021: 107 · 2020: 91 · 2019: 66 · 2018: 94 · 2017: 69 · 2016: 62 · 2015: 66 · 2014: 60 · 2013: 49 · 2012: 31
FWCI
3.65
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
journals.asm.org/non-commercial-tdm-license (tdm)
Locations
  • Clinical Microbiology Reviews (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Infective Endocarditis Diagnosis and Management
  • Health Sciences › Dentistry › General Dentistry › Dental Research and COVID-19
Keywords
periodontitis, oral infection, systemic disease, cardiovascular disease, bacterial pneumonia, diabetes mellitus, low birth weight, bacteremia, oral inflammation, subgingival plaque, Gram-negative bacteria, inflammatory mediators, host susceptibility
MeSH terms
Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Disease Susceptibility, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Infections, Mouth Diseases, Periodontitis, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Pneumonia, Bacterial, Infant, Very Low Birth Weight

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review