Genetic Alterations of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Open accessAbstract
Genome sequencing studies have characterized the genetic alterations of different tumor types, highlighting the diversity of the molecular processes driving tumor development. Comprehensive sequencing studies have defined molecular subtypes of colorectal cancers (CRCs) through the identification of genetic events associated with microsatellite stability (MSS), microsatellite-instability-high (MSI-H), and hypermutation. Most of these studies characterized primary tumors. Only recent studies have addressed the characterization of the genetic and clinical heterogeneity of metastatic CRC. Metastatic CRC genomes were found to be not fundamentally different from primary CRCs in terms of the mutational landscape or of genes that drive tumorigenesis, and a genomic heterogeneity associated with tumor location of primary tumors helps to define different clinical behaviors of metastatic CRCs. Although CRC metastatic spreading was traditionally seen as a late-occurring event, growing evidence suggests that this process can begin early during tumor development and the clonal architecture of these tumors is consistently influenced by cancer treatment. Although the survival rate of patients with metastatic CRC patients improved in the last years, the response to current treatments and prognosis of many of these patients remain still poor, indicating the need to discover new improvements for therapeutic vulnerabilities and to formulate a rational prospective of personalized therapies.
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In colon cancer, APC mutations accompany KRAS mutations in over 80% of cases, followed by p53 (55%) and PIK3CA (33%) co-mutations.
“In colon cancer, APC mutations, often the first event in oncogenesis, accompany KRAS mutations in over 80% of cases, followed by p53 (55%) and PIK3CA (33%) co-mutations [62].”
From Drugging KRAS: Current perspectives and state-of-art review (2022) · cites this paper as [62]
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Research works printed but not linked: 1
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Drugging KRAS: Current perspectives and state-of-art review
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- Authors
- Testa, U., Castelli, G., & Pelosi, E.
- Affiliations
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Testa, Ugo
- Venue
- Biomedicines
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2020-10-13
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 414
- ISSN
- 2227-9059 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7601984
- OpenAlex
- W3093452641
- Cited by
- 44
- References
- 97
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 5
- FWCI
- 0.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Biomedicines (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Colorectal Cancer Treatments and Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Genetic factors in colorectal cancer
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer Genomics and Diagnostics
- Keywords
- metastatic colorectal cancer, genetic alterations, molecular subtypes, microsatellite instability, microsatellite instability-high, microsatellite stable, hypermutation, mutational landscape, tumor genomic heterogeneity, tumor location, clonal architecture, metastasis, personalized treatment
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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