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Cited by 12Liver physiology and pathologyHepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment and PrognosisFibroblast Growth Factor Research

Insights into Growth Factors in Liver Carcinogenesis and Regeneration: An Ongoing Debate on Minimizing Cancer Recurrence after Liver Resection

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Álvarez-Mercado, Ana I., Caballeria-Casals, Albert, Rojano-Alfonso, Carlos, Chávez-Reyes, Jesús, Micó-Carnero, Marc, Sanchez-Gonzalez, Alfredo, Casillas-Ramírez, Araní, Gracia-Sancho, Jordi +1 more·2021·Biomedicines
DOI 10.3390/biomedicines9091158PMC PMC8470173
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Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma has become a leading cause of cancer-associated mortality throughout the world, and is of great concern. Currently used chemotherapeutic drugs in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma lead to severe side effects, thus underscoring the need for further research to develop novel and safer therapies. Liver resection in cancer patients is routinely performed. After partial resection, liver regeneration is a perfectly calibrated response apparently sensed by the body’s required liver function. This process hinges on the effect of several growth factors, among other molecules. However, dysregulation of growth factor signals also leads to growth signaling autonomy and tumor progression, so control of growth factor expression may prevent tumor progression. This review describes the role of some of the main growth factors whose dysregulation promotes liver tumor progression, and are also key in regenerating the remaining liver following resection. We herein summarize and discuss studies focused on partial hepatectomy and liver carcinogenesis, referring to hepatocyte growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, and epidermal growth factor, as well as their suitability as targets in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Finally, and given that drugs remain one of the mainstay treatment options in liver carcinogenesis, we have reviewed the current pharmacological approaches approved for clinical use or research targeting these factors.

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  • If regulation of liver regeneration is disrupted, the liver may either fail to regenerate effectively, as seen in cirrhosis, or continue pathological proliferation, increasing the risk of tumor development.

    “If this regulation is disrupted, the liver may either fail to regenerate effectively (as seen in cirrhosis) or continue pathological proliferation, increasing the risk of tumor development[94].”

    From Liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy: Triggers and mechanisms (2025) · cites this paper as [94]

    The Introduction and Section 2 link dysregulated growth-factor signaling to liver cancer and tumor progression. The Introduction also says regeneration is dysregulated in chronically injured liver and that HCC commonly occurs with cirrhosis, but it does not say that cirrhosis causes the liver to fail to regenerate effectively. (LLM, conf=0.85)

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Álvarez-Mercado, A. I., Caballeria-Casals, A., Rojano-Alfonso, C., Chávez-Reyes, J., Micó-Carnero, M., Sanchez-Gonzalez, A., Casillas-Ramírez, A., Gracia-Sancho, J., & Peralta, C.
Affiliations
  • Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
  • Consorci Institut D'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (ES)
  • Facultad de Medicina e Ingeniería en Sistemas Computacionales Matamoros, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Matamoros 87300, Mexico
  • Teaching and Research Department, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ciudad Victoria “Bicentenario 2010”, Ciudad Victoria 87087, Mexico
  • Autonomous University of Tamaulipas (MX)
  • Liver Vascular Biology Research Group, Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, IDIBAPS Biomedical Research Institute, CIBEREHD, 03036 Barcelona, Spain
Corresponding author
Peralta, Carmen
ORCID
Venue
Biomedicines
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2021-09-04
Volume
9
Issue
9
Pages
1158
ISSN
2227-9059 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/biomedicines9091158
PMC
PMC8470173
OpenAlex
W3198563413
Cited by
12
References
1
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 7 · 2022: 3
FWCI
0.33
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Biomedicines (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • RISalud Institutional Health Repository of Andalucía (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Institutional Repository of the University of Granada (University of Granada) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (RTI2018-095114-B-I00)
  • Direcció General de Recerca, Generalitat de Catalunya (2017_SGR_551)
  • Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (257743)
  • Spain, by the COST action Programs (CA17103 (DARTER), CA17112 (PRO-EURO-DILI-NET), CA17121 (COMULIS) and CA17126 (TUMIEE),)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver physiology and pathology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment and Prognosis
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fibroblast Growth Factor Research
Keywords
hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatocarcinogenesis, liver regeneration, partial hepatectomy, growth factors, hepatocyte growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, epidermal growth factor, tumor recurrence, tumor progression, growth factor signaling, anticancer agents

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