Cited by 94Liver physiology and pathologyHepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment and PrognosisOrgan Transplantation Techniques and Outcomes

Markers of liver regeneration—the role of growth factors and cytokines: a systematic review

Open access
Hoffmann, Katrin, Nagel, Alexander Johannes, Tanabe, Kazukata, Fuchs, Juri, Dehlke, Karolin, Ghamarnejad, Omid, Lemekhova, Anastasia, Mehrabi, Arianeb·2020·BMC Surgery

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Post-hepatectomy liver failure contributes significantly to postoperative mortality after liver resection. The prediction of the individual risk for liver failure is challenging. This review aimed to provide an overview of cytokine and growth factor triggered signaling pathways involved in liver regeneration after resection. METHODS: MEDLINE and Cochrane databases were searched without language restrictions for articles from the time of inception of the databases till March 2019. All studies with comparative data on the effect of cytokines and growth factors on liver regeneration in animals and humans were included. RESULTS: Overall 3.353 articles comprising 40 studies involving 1.498 patients and 101 animal studies were identified and met the inclusion criteria. All included trials on humans were retrospective cohort/observational studies. There was substantial heterogeneity across all included studies with respect to the analyzed cytokines and growth factors and the described endpoints. CONCLUSION: High-level evidence on serial measurements of growth factors and cytokines in blood samples used to predict liver regeneration after resection is still lacking. To address the heterogeneity of patients and potential markers, high throughput serial analyses may offer a method to predict an individual's regenerative potential in the future.

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Crossref · 10.1186/s12893-019-0664-8

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188 of 188 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • The insulin-like growth factor pathway significantly influences hepatocyte survival and proliferation, acting as a growth-promoting and protective factor.

    “The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathway significantly influences hepatocyte survival and proliferation, acting as a growth-promoting and protective factor.”

    From Liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy: Triggers and mechanisms (2025) · cites this paper as [63]

    The Results > Growth factors section says IGF-2 promotes hepatocyte proliferation and tissue repair during chronic liver injury. It also describes IGFs as growth-promoting and involved in inhibiting apoptosis, but specifies that the latter finding concerns various cells, not hepatocytes specifically. The review says the IGF system’s role in injured liver remains incompletely understood, so the claim’s unqualified assertion of a protective effect on hepatocyte survival goes beyond the evidence presented. (LLM, conf=0.83)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • EGF, FGF and PDGF play a major role in liver regeneration and are closely linked to dedifferentiation events during hepatocyte proliferation.

    “It is known, that EGF, FGF and PDGF play a major role in liver regeneration and therefore are closely linked to dedifferentiation events during hepatocyte proliferation (Hoffmann et al., 2020[18]).”

    From Optimization of extracellular matrix for primary human hepatocyte cultures using mixed collagen-matrigel matrices (2023) · cites this paper as Hoffmann et al., 2020[18]

    The Results > Growth factors section links EGF and FGF signaling to hepatocyte proliferation and describes PDGF signaling as significant, though replaceable, in liver regeneration. The Results > Temporal sequence of regeneration section also places these factors in the regenerative response. Neither section links them to hepatocyte dedifferentiation; a search for that link found no supporting passage. (LLM, conf=0.88)

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1 of the 189 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. [82]Mochida S The mechanisms of hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cell regeneration: a possible communication system associated with vascular endothelial growth factor in liver cells J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1998 13 S1 S1 S5 10.1111/jgh.1998.13.s1.1 28976691 · DOI

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Authors
Hoffmann, K., Nagel, A. J., Tanabe, K., Fuchs, J., Dehlke, K., Ghamarnejad, O., Lemekhova, A., & Mehrabi, A.
Affiliations
Heidelberg University (DE)
Corresponding author
Hoffmann, Katrin
Venue
BMC Surgery
Published
2020-02-12
Volume
20
Issue
1
Pages
31-31
ISSN
1471-2482 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W3008927934
Cited by
94
References
189
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 7
FWCI
1.90
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • BMC Surgery (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
  • Universität Heidelberg
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver physiology and pathology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment and Prognosis
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Organ Transplantation Techniques and Outcomes
Keywords
liver regeneration, post-hepatectomy liver failure, cytokines, growth factors, hepatectomy, signaling pathways, risk prediction
MeSH terms
Animals, Hepatectomy, Humans, Liver, Liver Regeneration, Postoperative Period, Biomarkers, Cytokines

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