Thermoplastic Elastomer (TPE)–Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) (PMMA) Hybrid Devices for Active Pumping PDMS-Free Organ-on-a-Chip Systems
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Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) has been used in microfluidic systems for years, as it can be easily structured and its flexibility makes it easy to integrate actuators including pneumatic pumps. In addition, the good optical properties of the material are well suited for analytical systems. In addition to its positive aspects, PDMS is well known to adsorb small molecules, which limits its usability when it comes to drug testing, e.g., in organ-on-a-chip (OoC) systems. Therefore, alternatives to PDMS are in high demand. In this study, we use thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) films thermally bonded to laser-cut poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) sheets to build up multilayered microfluidic devices with integrated pneumatic micro-pumps. We present a low-cost manufacturing technology based on a conventional CO2 laser cutter for structuring, a spin-coating process for TPE film fabrication, and a thermal bonding process using a pneumatic hot-press. UV treatment with an Excimer lamp prior to bonding drastically improves the bonding process. Optimized bonding parameters were characterized by measuring the burst load upon applying pressure and via profilometer-based measurement of channel deformation. Next, flow and long-term stability of the chip layout were measured using microparticle Image Velocimetry (uPIV). Finally, human endothelial cells were seeded in the microchannels to check biocompatibility and flow-directed cell alignment. The presented device is compatible with a real-time live-cell analysis system.
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Thermoplastic materials (polystyrene, PMMA, polycarbonate, COC) are amenable to cheaper and more scalable fabrication and have significantly lower absorption issues, but are limited in oxygen permeability and elastic properties.
“More recently, developers are increasingly starting to produce their chips from thermoplastic materials, already used in other biotechnological applications: polystyrene (Lee et al., 2018), poly(methyl methacrylate) (Busek et al., 2021), polycarbonate (Wagner et al., 2013), and cyclic olefin copolymer. While being amenable for cheaper and more scalable fabrication processes as well as providing”
From Recommendations on fit-for-purpose criteria to establish quality management for microphysiological systems and for monitoring their reproducibility (2024) · cites this paper as Busek et al., 2021
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Mohamad, N. A. S., Puhendhiran, T., Sawai, S., Cheah, F. K., Sudi, S., Lasimbang, H. B., & Lee, C. (2026) · Journal of Functional Biomaterials · doi:10.3390/jfb17100527
- Authors
- Busek, M., Nøvik, S., Aizenshtadt, A., Amirola-Martinez, M., Combriat, T., Grünzner, S., & Krauss, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Oslo (NO)
- Hybrid Technology Hub, Institute of Basic Medical Science, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1110, 0317 Oslo, Norway
- Technische Universität Dresden (DE)
- Oslo University Hospital (NO)
- Corresponding author
- Busek, Mathias
- ORCID
- Venue
- Biosensors
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2021-05-19
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 162
- ISSN
- 2079-6374 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8160665
- OpenAlex
- W3162141873
- Cited by
- 41
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 1.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Biosensors (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Norges Forskningsråd (Centers of Excellence No. 262613)
- Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions Grant agreement No 801133 (Scientia fellowship))
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Microfluidic and Capillary Electrophoresis Applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › 3D Printing in Biomedical Research
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Microfluidic and Bio-sensing Technologies
- Keywords
- organ-on-a-chip, thermoplastic elastomers, poly(methyl methacrylate), thermal bonding, CO2 laser cutting, spin coating, channel deformation, hydrodynamic stability, human endothelial cells, biocompatibility, live-cell imaging
- MeSH terms
- Dimethylpolysiloxanes, Humans, Elastomers, Endothelial Cells, Lab-On-A-Chip Devices
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