Co-Creating Restorative Urban Public Parks: Integrating Attention Restoration Theory and Urban Public Space Design Criteria: A Case Study in Erbil City

The restorative benefits of nature: toward an integrative framework

Kaplan, S. (1995) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/0272-4944(95)90001-2 · Cited by 6,923 · see citing works

A First Course in Factor Analysis

Comrey, A. L., & Lee, H. B. (2013) · doi:10.4324/9781315827506 · Cited by 4,546 · see citing works

An Easy Guide to Factor Analysis

Kline, P. (2014) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315788135 · Cited by 3,328 · see citing works

Exploring pathways linking greenspace to health: theoretical and methodological guidance

Markevych, I., Schoierer, J., Hartig, T., Chudnovsky, A., Hystad, P., Dzhambov, A. M., de Vries, S., Triguero-Mas, M., Brauer, M., Nieuwenhuijsen, M. J., et al. (2017) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2017.06.028 · Cited by 2,543 · see citing works

Attention Restoration Theory: A systematic review of the attention restoration potential of exposure to natural environments.

Ohly, H., White, M. P., Wheeler, B. W., Bethel, A., Ukoumunne, O. C., Nikolaou, V., & Garside, R. (2016) · Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B · doi:10.1080/10937404.2016.1196155 · Cited by 961 · see citing works

A measure of restorative quality in environments.

Hartig, T., Korpela, K., Evans, G. W., & Gärling, T. (1997) · Scandinavian Housing and Planning Research · doi:10.1080/02815739708730435 · Cited by 916 · see citing works

How To Study Public Life

Gehl, J., & Svarre, B. B. (2013) · Island Press/Center for Resource Economics eBooks · doi:10.5822/978-1-61091-525-0 · Cited by 764 · see citing works

Evaluating Public Space

Mehta, V. (2013) · Journal of Urban Design · doi:10.1080/13574809.2013.854698 · Cited by 585 · see citing works

Assessing the restorative components of environments

Herzog, T. R., Colleen, Maguire, P., & Nebel, M. B. (2003) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0272-4944(02)00113-5 · Cited by 567 · see citing works

Community mental health care worldwide: current status and further developments

Thornicroft, G., Deb, T., & Henderson, C. (2016) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20349 · Cited by 374 · see citing works

The ‘15-Minute City’ concept can shape a net-zero urban future

Allam, Z., Bibri, S. E., Chabaud, D., & Moreno, C. (2022) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-022-01145-0 · Cited by 243 · see citing works

Effect of nature prescriptions on cardiometabolic and mental health, and physical activity: a systematic review

Nguyen, P., Astell‐Burt, T., Rahimi‐Ardabili, H., & Feng, X. (2023) · The Lancet Planetary Health · doi:10.1016/s2542-5196(23)00025-6 · Cited by 228 · see citing works

More green, less lonely? A longitudinal cohort study

Astell‐Burt, T., Hartig, T., Eckermann, S. D., Nieuwenhuijsen, M. J., McMunn, A., Frumkin, H., & Feng, X. (2021) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyab089 · Cited by 165 · see citing works

Effect of park prescriptions with and without group visits to parks on stress reduction in low-income parents: SHINE randomized trial

Razani, N., Morshed, S., Kohn, M. A., Wells, N. M., Thompson, D., Alqassari, M., Agodi, A., & Rutherford, G. W. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0192921 · Cited by 161 · see citing works

Community mental health team management in severe mental illness: A systematic review

Simmonds, S., Coid, J., Joseph, P. L. A., Marriott, S., & Petertyrer (2001) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.178.6.497 · Cited by 155 · see citing works

Diurnal and Seasonal Variation of Surface Urban Cool and Heat Islands in the Semi-Arid City of Erbil, Iraq

Rasul, A., Balzter, H., & Smith, C. L. (2016) · Climate · doi:10.3390/cli4030042 · Cited by 93 · see citing works

Impact of Changed Use of Greenspace during COVID-19 Pandemic on Depression and Anxiety

Heo, S., Desai, M. U., Lowe, S. R., & Bell, M. L. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18115842 · Cited by 77 · see citing works

A Systematic Literature Review on Inclusive Public Open Spaces: Accessibility Standards and Universal Design Principles

Gupta, A., Yadav, M. A., & Nayak, B. K. (2025) · Urban Science · doi:10.3390/urbansci9060181 · Cited by 60 · see citing works

Designing for possibility in public space: affordance, assemblage, and ANT

Stevens, Q., Daly, J., & Dovey, K. (2024) · URBAN DESIGN International · doi:10.1057/s41289-023-00235-y · Cited by 35 · see citing works

The influence of visual and auditory environments in parks on visitors’ landscape preference, emotional state, and perceived restorativeness

Li, W., & Liu, Y. (2024) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-024-04064-4 · Cited by 33 · see citing works

Exploring the Co-creation Value of Residents to Tourists From the Perspective of Place Attachment and Economic Benefits

Niu, H., & Chen, M.-J. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.877365 · Cited by 26 · see citing works

The Restorative Effects of Urban Parks on Stress Control Ability and Community Attachment

Jang, E., Choi, H. B., & Kim, M.-H. (2024) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su16052113 · Cited by 21 · see citing works

Exploring the Impact of Visual and Aural Elements in Urban Parks on Human Behavior and Emotional Responses

Jin, T., Lu, J., & Shao, Y. (2024) · Land · doi:10.3390/land13091468 · Cited by 21 · see citing works

Incorporating the Co-Creation Method into Social Innovation Design to Promote Intergenerational Integration: A Case Study of a Public Square

Wu, J., Zhang, L., & Ren, X. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191912908 · Cited by 18 · see citing works

In what ways does placeness affect people’s behavior? Focusing on personal place attachment and public place image as connecting parameter

Dalavong, P., Im, H. N., & Choi, C. G. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1394930 · Cited by 18 · see citing works

Towards Resilient and Inclusive Cities: A Framework for Sustainable Street-Level Urban Design

Sádaba, J., Alonso, Y., Zaballos, I. L., & Iturrioz, A. L. (2024) · Urban Science · doi:10.3390/urbansci8040264 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

Restorative effects of small urban parks: a multi-method study using eye-tracking and psychophysiological measures in Fuzhou, China

Weng, Y., Chen, Q., Lin, X., Chi, Y., & Li, K. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1667502 · Cited by 15 · see citing works

Contemporary approaches to healthy and livable public spaces: Proximity, flexibility, and diversification

Sepe, M. (2025) · URBAN DESIGN International · doi:10.1057/s41289-024-00263-2 · Cited by 15 · see citing works

Perceived restoration scale method turned into (used as the) evaluation tool for parks and open green spaces, using Tartu city parks as an example

Rennit, P., & Maikov, K. (2015) · City Territory and Architecture · doi:10.1186/s40410-014-0020-3 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Integrative literature review on co-concepts in connection with nature-based solutions

Sarkki, S., Pihlajamäki, M., Soini, K., Ojala, A., Kluvánková, T., Špaček, M., Mishra, H. S., & Hiedanpää, J. (2025) · Environmental Science & Policy · doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2025.104073 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

What makes a public open space liveable?

Dietrich, U., & Kengyel, N. (2016) · WIT transactions on ecology and the environment · doi:10.2495/sc160571 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

The Role of the Active Design Approach in Improving the Environmental Psychology of a Healthy Built Environment: The Case of a University Campus

Azeez, S. A., Mustafa, F. A., & Ahmad, R. M. (2023) · Buildings · doi:10.3390/buildings13081999 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

Urban park restorative effects in an integrated model of positive emotion and leisure involvement moderation

Yang, D., Xie, S., Su, R., & Wu, W. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-19451-3 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Unravelling the why: exploring the increasing recognition and adoption of co-creation in contemporary urban design

Oetken, K. J. (2025) · Sustainable communities. · doi:10.1080/29931282.2025.2477788 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Perceived restorativeness of urban green spaces in southern China during summer

Chen, L., & Ma, Y. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-22382-8 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Creative urban place

Gendeshmin, S. R., Khanghahi, T. H., & Rostamzadeh, Y. (2023) · Open House International · doi:10.1108/ohi-10-2022-0264 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Research on Co-Creation of Community Public Cultural Spaces Through Generative Dynamic Workflows

Liu, C., Zhong, M., He, M., Wang, X., Gan, H., Cao, P., Wang, C., & Lou, Y. (2025) · Systems · doi:10.3390/systems13050316 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Measuring restoration quality in urban forest greenways: insights for planning and management

Wang, H., Liu, Y., Zhang, M., & Wang, X. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1596154 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Interpretive Flexibility as an Approach to Designing Inclusive Urban Space: Learning from Medellín and Beirut

Geirbo, H. C., Harboe, L., Hoelscher, K., & Petersen, S. A. (2022) · Nordic Journal of Urban Studies · doi:10.18261/njus.2.2.4 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

The Relationship Between the Perceived Restorativeness of Urban Parks and Sociocultural Value: A Case Study of Labor Park in Dalian, China

Guo, J., & Kwon, H.-I. (2025) · Land · doi:10.3390/land14051097 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Evaluation and the evidence base for co-creation

Fox, C., Bassi, A., & Baines, S. (2024) · Policy Press eBooks · doi:10.56687/9781447367185-012 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Designing Public Buildings for Everyday Participation Among People with Social Anxiety

Li, P., & Sun, Y. (2026) · Buildings · doi:10.3390/buildings16204120

Salutogenic Landscape Design with Cognitive Restoration Stimuli for Stress Intervention

Thani, S. K. S. O., Hussein, H., Föhn, M., & Ng, S. (2023) · Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal · doi:10.21834/e-bpj.v8i25.4841 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Designing Smart Urban Parks with Sensor-Integrated Landscapes to Enhance Mental Health in City Environments

Cai, Y., Yan, Y., Tian, G., Cui, Y., Feng, C., Tian, H., Liuyang, X., Zhang, L., & Cao, Y. (2025) · Buildings · doi:10.3390/buildings15172979 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Behavioral criteria in pocket park design through the lens of environmental psychology: A systematic review

Han, D., & Mamat, M. J. B. (2025) · Environment and Social Psychology · doi:10.59429/esp.v10i6.3818 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Towards a sustainable city: Deciphering the determinants of restorative park and spatial patterns

Li, X., Shang, W., Liu, Q., Liu, X., Lv, Z., & Ochieng, W. Y. (2024) · Sustainable Cities and Society · doi:10.1016/j.scs.2024.105292 · Cited by 20 · see citing works

Urban park restorative effects in an integrated model of positive emotion and leisure involvement moderation

Yang, D., Xie, S., Su, R., & Wu, W. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-19451-3 · Cited by 9 · see citing works