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Cited by 146Cancer Cells and MetastasisCancer Mechanisms and TherapyCancer therapeutics and mechanisms

Mebendazole as a Candidate for Drug Repurposing in Oncology: An Extensive Review of Current Literature

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Guerini, Andrea Emanuele, Triggiani, Luca, Maddalo, Marta, Bonù, Marco Lorenzo, Frassine, Francesco, Baiguini, Anna, Alghisi, Alessandro, Tomasini, Davide +5 more·2019·Cancers
DOI 10.3390/cancers11091284PMC PMC6769799
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Abstract

Anticancer treatment efficacy is limited by the development of refractory tumor cells characterized by increased expression and activity of mechanisms promoting survival, proliferation, and metastatic spread. The present review summarizes the current literature regarding the use of the anthelmintic mebendazole (MBZ) as a repurposed drug in oncology with a focus on cells resistant to approved therapies, including so called “cancer stem cells”. Mebendazole meets many of the characteristics desirable for a repurposed drug: good and proven toxicity profile, pharmacokinetics allowing to reach therapeutic concentrations at disease site, ease of administration and low price. Several in vitro studies suggest that MBZ inhibits a wide range of factors involved in tumor progression such as tubulin polymerization, angiogenesis, pro-survival pathways, matrix metalloproteinases, and multi-drug resistance protein transporters. Mebendazole not only exhibits direct cytotoxic activity, but also synergizes with ionizing radiations and different chemotherapeutic agents and stimulates antitumoral immune response. In vivo, MBZ treatment as a single agent or in combination with chemotherapy led to the reduction or complete arrest of tumor growth, marked decrease of metastatic spread, and improvement of survival. Further investigations are warranted to confirm the clinical anti-neoplastic activity of MBZ and its safety in combination with other drugs in a clinical setting.

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  • Because of this toxicity limitation, mebendazole rather than albendazole has been more popularly recommended as a benzimidazole anti-cancer agent.

    “Because of this toxicity limitation, mebendazole rather than albendazole has been more popularly recommended as a benzimidazole anti-cancer agent [34].”

    From Albendazole and Mebendazole as Anti-Parasitic and Anti-Cancer Agents: an Update (2021) · cites this paper as [34]

    The Conclusions (page unavailable) favor mebendazole as an anticancer repurposing candidate and note that higher albendazole doses were limited by neutropenia. They do not establish that mebendazole is more popularly recommended because of toxicity: the review describes albendazole’s toxicity profile as good and also cites fewer studies and less evident anticancer activity as reasons for mebendazole’s advantage. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Collectively, mebendazole has been shown to not only exhibit direct cytotoxic activity, but also synergize with ionizing radiation and different chemotherapeutic agents to stimulate anti-tumoral immune responses which result in reduction or complete arrest of tumor growth, marked decrease of metastatic spread, and improvement of survival.

    “Collectively, mebendazole has been shown to not only exhibit direct cytotoxic activity, but also synergize with ionizing radiation and different chemotherapeutic agents to stimulate anti-tumoral immune responses which result in reduction or complete arrest of tumor growth, marked decrease of metastatic spread, and improvement of survival [34].”

    From Albendazole and Mebendazole as Anti-Parasitic and Anti-Cancer Agents: an Update (2021) · cites this paper as [34]

    Split into 2 atoms — 1 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Mebendazole suppresses tumor growth in various cancer cell lines and animal models through inhibition of microtubule polymerization.

    “MBZ has been shown to potentially suppress tumor growth in various cancer cell lines and animal models through the inhibition of microtubule polymerization”

    From Drug repurposing for cancer therapy (2024) · cites this paper as [156]

  • Albendazole and mebendazole have been repositioned as promising anti-cancer drugs.

    “It is of particular note that albendazole and mebendazole have been repositioned as promising anti-cancer drugs.”

    From Albendazole and Mebendazole as Anti-Parasitic and Anti-Cancer Agents: an Update (2021) · cites this paper as [34]

  • In human patients, mebendazole is contraindicated during pregnancy.

    “In human patients, mebendazole is contraindicated during pregnancy [3,34].”

    From Albendazole and Mebendazole as Anti-Parasitic and Anti-Cancer Agents: an Update (2021) · cites this paper as [34]

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Authors
Guerini, A. E., Triggiani, L., Maddalo, M., Bonù, M. L., Frassine, F., Baiguini, A., Alghisi, A., Tomasini, D., Borghetti, P., Pasinetti, N., Bresciani, R., Magrini, S. M., & Buglione, M.
Affiliations
  • University of Brescia (IT)
  • Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale degli Spedali Civili di Brescia (IT)
  • Aziende Socio Sanitarie Territoriale della Valcamonica (IT)
Corresponding author
  • Maddalo, Marta
  • Tomasini, Davide
ORCID
Venue
Cancers
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2019-08-31
Volume
11
Issue
9
Pages
1284
ISSN
2072-6694 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/cancers11091284
PMC
PMC6769799
OpenAlex
W2971269332
Cited by
146
References
4
Citations by year
2026: 11 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 1
FWCI
1.67
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Cancers (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Institutional Research Information System (Università degli Studi di Brescia) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Cells and Metastasis
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Cancer Mechanisms and Therapy
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cancer therapeutics and mechanisms
Keywords
mebendazole, drug repurposing, cancer stem cells, drug resistance, tubulin polymerization inhibition, angiogenesis inhibition, matrix metalloproteinases, multidrug resistance transporters, radiosensitization, chemosensitization, antitumor immunity, metastasis, combination chemotherapy

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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