The DOI matches its Crossref record; 239 of the 239 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Warburg Effect 97 Years after Its Discovery
Open accessAbstract
The deregulation of the oxidative metabolism in cancer, as shown by the increased aerobic glycolysis and impaired oxidative phosphorylation (Warburg effect), is coordinated by genetic changes leading to the activation of oncogenes and the loss of oncosuppressor genes. The understanding of the metabolic deregulation of cancer cells is necessary to prevent and cure cancer. In this review, we illustrate and comment the principal metabolic and molecular variations of cancer cells, involved in their anomalous behavior, that include modifications of oxidative metabolism, the activation of oncogenes that promote glycolysis and a decrease of oxygen consumption in cancer cells, the genetic susceptibility to cancer, the molecular correlations involved in the metabolic deregulation in cancer, the defective cancer mitochondria, the relationships between the Warburg effect and tumor therapy, and recent studies that reevaluate the Warburg effect. Taken together, these observations indicate that the Warburg effect is an epiphenomenon of the transformation process essential for the development of malignancy.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
1 retracted
Mitochondrial Autophagy Is an HIF-1-dependent Adaptive Metabolic Response to Hypoxia
Zhang, H., Bosch-Marce, M., Shimoda, L. A., Tan, Y. S., Baek, J. H., Wesley, J. B., Gonzalez, F. J., & Semenza, G. L. (2008) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m800102200 · Cited by 1,601
RetractedWarburg, O. (1956) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.123.3191.309 · Cited by 13,425
Why Do Cancers Have High Aerobic Glycolysis?
Gatenby, R. A., & Gillies, R. J. (2004) · Nature reviews. Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc1478 · Cited by 4,784
Kim, J.-W., Tchernyshyov, I., Semenza, G. L., & Dang, C. V. (2006) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2006.02.002 · Cited by 3,905
Otto Warburg's contributions to current concepts of cancer metabolism
Koppenol, W. H., Bounds, P. L., & Dang, C. V. (2011) · Nature Reviews Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc3038 · Cited by 3,427
HIF-1 mediates adaptation to hypoxia by actively downregulating mitochondrial oxygen consumption
Papandreou, I., Cairns, R. A., Fontana, L., Lim, A. L., & Denko, N. C. (2006) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2006.01.012 · Cited by 2,267
mTOR- and HIF-1α–mediated aerobic glycolysis as metabolic basis for trained immunity
Cheng, S.-C., Quintin, J., Cramer, R. A., Shepardson, K. M., Saeed, S., Kumar, V., Giamarellos-Bourboulis, E. J., Martens, J. H. A., Rao, N. A., Aghajanirefah, A., et al. (2014) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1250684 · Cited by 2,224
(1999) · PubMed · Cited by 2,204
Ward, P. S., Patel, J., Wise, D. R., Abdel-Wahab, O., Bennett, B. D., Coller, H. A., Cross, J. R., Fantin, V. R., Hedvat, C. V., Perl, A. E., et al. (2010) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2010.01.020 · Cited by 2,020
IDH mutation impairs histone demethylation and results in a block to cell differentiation
Lu, C., Ward, P. S., Kapoor, G. S., Rohle, D., Turcan, S., Abdel-Wahab, O., Edwards, C. R., Khanin, R., Figueroa, M. E., Melnick, A., et al. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10860 · Cited by 1,985
Cited by
Revisiting the Warburg effect: historical dogma versus current understanding
Vaupel, P., & Multhoff, G. (2021) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp278810 · Cited by 830
Mechanisms of Metabolic Reprogramming in Cancer Cells Supporting Enhanced Growth and Proliferation
Schiliro, C., & Firestein, B. L. (2021) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells10051056 · Cited by 615
Desert, R., Chen, W., Ge, X., Viel, R., Han, H., Athavale, D., Das, S., Song, Z., Lantvit, D., Cano, L., et al. (2023) · Hepatology · doi:10.1097/hep.0000000000000362 · Cited by 52
Huang, T., Zhou, M.-Y., Zou, G.-L., Hu, R.-H., Han, L., Zhang, Q.-X., & Zhao, X.-K. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-88538-8 · Cited by 14
Xu, M., Fei, J., Xiao, Z.-X., & Yi, Y. (2026) · Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica · doi:10.3724/abbs.2025106 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Pascale, R. M., Calvisi, D. F., Simile, M. M., Feo, C. F., & Feo, F.
- Venue
- Cancers
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2020-09-30
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 2819
- ISSN
- 2072-6694 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3091700828
- Cited by
- 300
- References
- 239
- FWCI
- 11.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Warburg Effect 97 Years after Its Discovery. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.3390/cancers12102819
- The paper
- Pascale, R. M., Calvisi, D. F., Simile, M. M., Feo, C. F., & Feo, F. (2020). The Warburg Effect 97 Years after Its Discovery. Cancers. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12102819
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.