The DOI matches its Crossref record; 163 of the 163 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
CTLA-4 in Regulatory T Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have obtained durable responses in many cancers, making it possible to foresee their potential in improving the health of cancer patients. However, immunotherapies are currently limited to a minority of patients and there is a need to develop a better understanding of the basic molecular mechanisms and functions of pivotal immune regulatory molecules. Immune checkpoint cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and regulatory T (Treg) cells play pivotal roles in hindering the anticancer immunity. Treg cells suppress antigen-presenting cells (APCs) by depleting immune stimulating cytokines, producing immunosuppressive cytokines and constitutively expressing CTLA-4. CTLA-4 molecules bind to CD80 and CD86 with a higher affinity than CD28 and act as competitive inhibitors of CD28 in APCs. The purpose of this review is to summarize state-of-the-art understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlining CTLA-4 immune regulation and the correlation of the ICI response with CTLA-4 expression in Treg cells from preclinical and clinical studies for possibly improving CTLA-4-based immunotherapies, while highlighting the knowledge gap.
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Cites
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Cited by
Choi, Y., & Jung, K. (2023) · Experimental & Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1038/s12276-023-01114-w · Cited by 188
Combinatorial blockade for cancer immunotherapy: targeting emerging immune checkpoint receptors
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The Therapeutic Potential of Farm Dust Extracts in a Mouse Model of Eosinophilic Inflammation
Korkmaz, R. Ü., Omony, J., Tan, X., Klotz, M., Dragunas, G., Chen, S., Shankhwar, S., Ertüz, Z., Müller, C., Ragab, M., et al. (2026) · Allergy · doi:10.1111/all.70121 · Cited by 4
Metadata
- Authors
- Sobhani, N., Tardiel-Cyril, D. R., Davtyan, A., Generali, D., Roudi, R., & Li, Y.
- Venue
- Cancers
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2021-03-22
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1440
- ISSN
- 2072-6694 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3127895014
- Cited by
- 303
- References
- 163
- FWCI
- 15.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
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