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Role of p53 in Cell Death and Human Cancers

Ozaki, Toshinori, Nakagawara, Akira·2011·Cancers
DOI 10.3390/cancers3010994PMC PMC3756401
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Abstract

p53 is a nuclear transcription factor with a pro-apoptotic function. Since over 50% of human cancers carry loss of function mutations in p53 gene, p53 has been considered to be one of the classical type tumor suppressors. Mutant p53 acts as the dominant-negative inhibitor toward wild-type p53. Indeed, mutant p53 has an oncogenic potential. In some cases, malignant cancer cells bearing p53 mutations display a chemo-resistant phenotype. In response to a variety of cellular stresses such as DNA damage, p53 is induced to accumulate in cell nucleus to exert its pro-apoptotic function. Activated p53 promotes cell cycle arrest to allow DNA repair and/or apoptosis to prevent the propagation of cells with serious DNA damage through the transactivation of its target genes implicated in the induction of cell cycle arrest and/or apoptosis. Thus, the DNA-binding activity of p53 is tightly linked to its tumor suppressive function. In the present review article, we describe the regulatory mechanisms of p53 and also p53-mediated therapeutic strategies to cure malignant cancers.

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Figure 1. Dominant-negative effect of mutant p53 on wild-type p53. Pro-apoptotic function of p53 is significantly inhibited by certain p53 mutants which induce malignant transformation through up-regulation of c-myc and TERT.
Figure 1. Dominant-negative effect of mutant p53 on wild-type p53. Pro-apoptotic function of p53 is significantly inhibited by certain p53 mutants which induce malignant transformation through up-regulation of c-myc and TERT.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2. Functional interaction between p53 and RUNX3. Upon DNA damage, RUNX3 is associated with phosphorylated form of ATM (p-ATM) and recruits it to p53 to facilitate phosphorylation of p53 at Ser-15.
Figure 2. Functional interaction between p53 and RUNX3. Upon DNA damage, RUNX3 is associated with phosphorylated form of ATM (p-ATM) and recruits it to p53 to facilitate phosphorylation of p53 at Ser-15.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3. Structure of p53 variants. TA, transactivation domain; DB, sequence-specific DNA-binding domain; OD, oligomerization domain. Estimated molecular weights are also shown.
Figure 3. Structure of p53 variants. TA, transactivation domain; DB, sequence-specific DNA-binding domain; OD, oligomerization domain. Estimated molecular weights are also shown.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Metadata

Authors
Ozaki, T., & Nakagawara, A.
Venue
Cancers
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2011-03-03
Volume
3
Issue
1
Pages
994-1013
ISSN
2072-6694
DOI
10.3390/cancers3010994
PMC
PMC3756401
Cited by
650
References
19
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (vor)

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