Evolutionarily conserved and nonconserved cellular localizations and functions of human SIRT proteins
Open accessAbstract
Sir2 is a NAD + -dependent protein deacetylase that extends lifespan in yeast and worms. This study examines seven human proteins homologous to Sir2 (SIRT1 through SIRT7) for cellular localization, expression profiles, protein deacetylation activity, and effects on human cell lifespan. We found that: 1) three nuclear SIRT proteins (SIRT1, SIRT6, and SIRT7) show different subnuclear localizations: SIRT6 and SIRT7 are associated with heterochromatic regions and nucleoli, respectively, where yeast Sir2 functions; 2) SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5 are localized in mitochondria, an organelle that links aging and energy metabolism; 3) cellular p53 is a major in vivo substrate of SIRT1 deacetylase, but not the other six SIRT proteins; 4) SIRT1, but not the other two nuclear SIRT proteins, shows an in vitro deacetylase activity on histone H4 and p53 peptides; and 5) overexpression of any one of the seven SIRT proteins does not extend cellular replicative lifespan in normal human fibroblasts or prostate epithelial cells. This study supports the notion that multiple human SIRT proteins have evolutionarily conserved and nonconserved functions at different cellular locations and reveals that the lifespan of normal human cells, in contrast to that of lower eukaryotes, cannot be manipulated by increased expression of a single SIRT protein.
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SIRT6 is a chromatin-associated protein.
“Because SIRT6 is a chromatin-associated protein26”
From SIRT6 represses LINE1 retrotransposons by ribosylating KAP1 but this repression fails with stress and age (2014) · cites this paper as [26]
SIRT5 is thought to localize primarily to mitochondria.
“SIRT5 is thought to localize primarily to mitochondria (Lombard et al., 2007; Michishita et al., 2005; Nakagawa et al., 2009; Schlicker et al., 2008).”
From SIRT5-mediated lysine desuccinylation impacts diverse metabolic pathways (2013) · cites this paper as Michishita et al., 2005
In mammals, SIRT1, SIRT6, and SIRT7 are nuclear proteins; SIRT1 is found mainly in the cytoplasm; and SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5 are found in the mitochondria.
“In mammals, this family has several members of which SIRT1, SIRT6, and SIRT7 are nuclear proteins; SIRT1 is found mainly in the cytoplasm; and the SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5 are found in the mitochondria (165, 295, 389).”
From Redox regulation of mitochondrial function (2012) · cites this paper as [295]
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“However, we cannot rule out the possibility that other sirtuins (Michishita et al., 2005) play a role in the stress response and may contribute to the effect of these inhibitors on cellular survival.”
BackgroundSirtuin catalysis and regulation
Feldman, J. L., Dittenhafer-Reed, K. E., & Denu, J. M. (2012) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.r112.378877 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Crosstalk between poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and sirtuin enzymes
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Sirtuin regulation in aging and injury
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Sirtuin-3 (SIRT3), a novel potential therapeutic target for oral cancer
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Protective effects and mechanisms of sirtuins in the nervous system
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The coordination of nuclear and mitochondrial communication during aging and calorie restriction
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SIRT3 regulates mitochondrial protein acetylation and intermediary metabolism
Hirschey, M. D., Shimazu, T., Huang, J. Y., Schwer, B., & Verdin, E. (2011) · Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology · doi:10.1101/sqb.2011.76.010850 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Efficient Demyristoylase Activity of SIRT2 Revealed by Kinetic and Structural Studies
Teng, Y.-B., Jing, H., Aramsangtienchai, P., He, B., Khan, S., Hu, J., Lin, H., & Hao, Q. (2015) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep08529 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
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RETRACTED: Metabolic regulation of SIRT1 transcription via a HIC1:CtBP corepressor complex
Zhang, Q., Wang, S.-Y., Fleuriel, C., Leprince, D., Rocheleau, J. V., Piston, D. W., & Goodman, R. H. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0610590104 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
RetractedNAD<sup>+</sup>metabolism and oxidative stress: the golden nucleotide on a crown of thorns
Massudi, H., Grant, R., Guillemin, G. J., & Braidy, N. (2012) · Redox Report · doi:10.1179/1351000212y.0000000001 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Insulin‐like growth factor‐1 regulates the <scp>SIRT</scp> 1‐p53 pathway in cellular senescence
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“, 2005), and SIRT1 levels have been shown to be decreased in senescent cells (Michishita et al., 2005).”
BackgroundHistone deacetylases (HDACs) and brain function
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Kontaxi, C., Piccardo, P., & Gill, A. C. (2017) · Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences · doi:10.3389/fmolb.2017.00056 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
NAD(+)-SIRT1 control of H3K4 trimethylation through circadian deacetylation of MLL1
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Nicotinamide extends replicative lifespan of human cells
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HDAC8 cooperates with SMAD3/4 complex to suppress SIRT7 and promote cell survival and migration
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The role of altered protein acetylation in neurodegenerative disease
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Alcohol alters hepatic FoxO1, p53, and mitochondrial SIRT5 deacetylation function
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Interplay between protein acetylation and ubiquitination controls MCL1 protein stability
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Chapter 8 Acetylation of Mitochondrial Proteins
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SIRT7 activates p53 by enhancing PCAF-mediated MDM2 degradation to arrest the cell cycle
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- Authors
- Michishita, E., Park, J. Y., Burneskis, J. M., Barrett, J. C., & Horikawa, I.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Venue
- Molecular Biology of the Cell
- Published
- 2005-10
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 4623-4635
- ISSN
- 1059-1524 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-4586
- PMC
- PMC1237069
- OpenAlex
- W2106715610
- Cited by
- 1,364
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 47 · 2024: 59 · 2023: 59 · 2022: 85 · 2021: 87 · 2020: 82 · 2019: 61 · 2018: 77 · 2017: 77 · 2016: 73 · 2015: 75 · 2014: 70 · 2013: 86 · 2012: 72
- FWCI
- 22.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Sirtuins and Resveratrol in Medicine
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nuclear Structure and Function
- Keywords
- SIRT1, SIRT6, SIRT7, SIRT3, SIRT4, SIRT5, NAD+-dependent deacetylase, subcellular localization, subnuclear localization, heterochromatin, nucleolus, mitochondria, p53 deacetylation, histone H4 deacetylation, replicative lifespan, evolutionary conservation, prostate epithelial cells, fibroblasts
- MeSH terms
- Cell Line, Cell Nucleolus, Fibroblasts, Heterochromatin, Histones, Humans, Mitochondria, Organ Specificity, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, Substrate Specificity, Tumor Suppressor Protein p53, Cellular Senescence, Sirtuins, Green Fluorescent Proteins
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