Production and Purification of Novel Hypocholesterolemic Peptides from Lactic Fermented Spirulina platensis through High Hydrostatic Pressure-Assisted Protease Hydrolysis
Open accessAbstract
This research focuses on the proteolytic capacity of Spirulina platensis and their hypocholesterolemic activity via the 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) inhibitory activity. To select suitable proteases for releasing peptides with high HMGR-inhibiting activity from S. platensis, eight commonly used commercial proteases were used in protease hydrolysis under high hydrostatic pressure (HHP, 100 MPa or 0.1 MPa) at 50 °C for 24 h. The Peptidase R group had the highest inhibitory capacity (67%). First, S. platensis was fermented with seven mixed lactic acid bacteria for 5 h at 42 °C. This was followed by the addition of Peptidase R under high hydrostatic pressure (100 MPa at 50 °C) for 0–6 h of enzymatic hydrolysis (HHP-FH-PR6) to determine the hydrolytic capacity of S. platensis protein. As the hydrolysis time extended to 6 h, the peptide content increased from 96.8 mg/mL to 339.8 mg/mL, and the free amino acid content increased from 24 mg/mL to 115.2 mg/mL, while inhibition of HMGR increased from 67.0% to 78.4%. In an experimental simulation of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, the IC50 of HHP-FH-PR6G on HMGR was 3.5 μg peptide/mL. Peptides with inhibitory activity on HMGR were purified, and their sequences were identified as Arg-Cys-Asp and Ser-Asn-Val (IC50: 6.9 and 20.1 μM, respectively).
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Preclinical trials on Spirulina/Limnospira platensis protein hydrolysate (SPPH) showed potential anti-obesity effects through modulation of the PPAR-γ, adipocytokine, AMPK, and MAPK signaling pathways.
“Preclinical trials on Spirulina/Limnospira platensis protein hydrolysate (SPPH) showed potential anti-obesity effects through modulation of the PPAR-γ, adipocytokine, AMPK, and MAPK signaling pathways.”
From Navigating the potential of algal peptides: health effects, market applications, and scientific challenges (2026) · cites this paper as [116]
The Abstract and Conclusions report in vitro inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase by Spirulina protein hydrolysate peptides, not preclinical anti-obesity effects. Searches for anti-obesity trials and the PPAR-γ, adipocytokine, AMPK, and MAPK pathways found no passage addressing the claimed effects or mechanisms. (LLM, conf=0.78)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredLimnospira platensis-derived peptides CANPHELPNK and NPVWKRK (3-5 kDa fraction) at 600 μg/mL inhibited pancreatic lipase by 72.7-88.1%.
“CANPHELPNK and NPVWKRK (3-5 kDa fraction) at 600 µg/mL inhibited pancreatic lipase by 72.7–88.1%”
From Navigating the potential of algal peptides: health effects, market applications, and scientific challenges (2026) · cites this paper as [116]
The Conclusions (Table 5; page unavailable) identify Arg-Cys-Asp and Ser-Asn-Val and report inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase, not pancreatic lipase. Searches for CANPHELPNK, NPVWKRK, the 3–5 kDa fraction, and the claimed dose and inhibition range found no passage addressing those results. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
PROTEIN MEASUREMENT WITH THE FOLIN PHENOL REAGENT
Lowry, O. H., Rosebrough, N., Farr, A. L., & Randall, R. (1951) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)52451-6 · Cited by 315,771 · see citing works
Trott, O., & Olson, A. J. (2010) · Journal of Computational Chemistry · doi:10.1002/jcc.21334 · Cited by 38,412 · see citing works
The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2022
(2022) · FAO eBooks · doi:10.4060/cc0461en · Cited by 6,063 · see citing works
Global, Regional, and National Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases for 10 Causes, 1990 to 2015
Roth, G. A., Johnson, C., Abajobir, A., Abd-Allah, F., Abera, S. F., Abyu, G., Ahmed, M., Aksut, B., Alam, T., Alam, K., et al. (2017) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.04.052 · Cited by 3,791 · see citing works
Church, F., Swaisgood, H. E., Porter, D. H., & Catignani, G. L. (1983) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(83)81926-2 · Cited by 1,551 · see citing works
Thompson, P. D., Clarkson, P., & Karas, R. H. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.289.13.1681 · Cited by 1,463 · see citing works
Laslett, L. J., Alagona, P., Clark, B. A., Drozda, J. P., Saldivar, F., Wilson, S. R., Poe, C., & Hart, M. (2012) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2012.11.002 · Cited by 769 · see citing works
Modified colorimetric ninhydrin methods for peptidase assay
Doi, E., Shibata, D., & Matoba, T. (1981) · Analytical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0003-2697(81)90175-5 · Cited by 476 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The free amino acid content was determined as described previously [43,44], with minor modifications.”
MethodHigh pressure enhancement of enzymes: A review
Eisenmenger, M. J., & Reyes-De-Corcuera, J. I. (2009) · Enzyme and Microbial Technology · doi:10.1016/j.enzmictec.2009.08.001 · Cited by 397 · see citing works
DeBose-Boyd, R. A. (2008) · Cell Research · doi:10.1038/cr.2008.61 · Cited by 391 · see citing works
Wu, J., & Ding, X. (2002) · Food Research International · doi:10.1016/s0963-9969(01)00131-4 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Recent Developments in Production and Biotechnological Applications of C-Phycocyanin
Kuddus, M., Singh, P., Thomas, G., & Al-Hazimi, A. (2013) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2013/742859 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Marciniak, A., Suwal, S., Naderi, N., Pouliot, Y., & Doyen, A. (2018) · Trends in Food Science & Technology · doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2018.08.013 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Wenniger, L. J. M. D. B., & Beuers, U. H. (2010) · Digestive and Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/j.dld.2010.03.015 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Major Peptides from Amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus) Protein Inhibit HMG-CoA Reductase Activity
Soares, R., Mendonça, S., de Castro, L. Í. A., Menezes, A., & Arêas, J. A. G. (2015) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms16024150 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Ludikhuyze, L., Loey, A. M. V., Indrawati, I., Smout, C., & Hendrickx, M. (2003) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408690390246350 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Chen, G., Tsai, J., & Pan, B. S. (2006) · International Dairy Journal · doi:10.1016/j.idairyj.2006.07.004 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Self-citationTsai, J., Chen, T.-J., Pan, B. S., Gong, S.-D., & Chung, M.-Y. (2007) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.06.039 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
High‐Pressure Biotechnology in Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science
Masson, P., Tonello, C., & Balny, C. (2001) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/s1110724301000158 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Koning, A. J., Roberts, C. J., & Wright, R. (1996) · Molecular Biology of the Cell · doi:10.1091/mbc.7.5.769 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Isolation and Identification of Peptides from Soy 11S-Globulin with Hypocholesterolemic Activity
Pak, V. V., Koo, M., Kasymova, T. D., & Kwon, D. Y. (2005) · Chemistry of Natural Compounds · doi:10.1007/s10600-006-0017-6 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
QUIROS, A., Chicón, R., Recio, I., & López‐Fandiño, R. (2006) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.10.050 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Zhang, T., Jiang, B., Miao, M., Mu, W., & Li, Y. (2012) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.05.097 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Ashraf, J., Liu, L., Awais, M., Xiao, T., Wang, L., Zhou, X., Tong, L., & Zhou, S. (2020) · Ultrasonics Sonochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105121 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Seo, Y., Choi, W. Y., Park, J. S., Park, J., Jung, K., & Lee, H. (2013) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms14011778 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Knudsen, J. C., Otte, J., Olsen, K., & Skibsted, L. H. (2002) · International Dairy Journal · doi:10.1016/s0958-6946(02)00078-x · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Marques, M. R., Fontanari, G. G., Pimenta, D. C., Freitas, R. A. M. S., & Arêas, J. A. G. (2015) · Food Research International · doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2015.04.020 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Explaining statin inhibition effectiveness of HMG-CoA reductase by quantum biochemistry computations
da COSTA, R. F., Freire, V. N., BEZERRA, E. M., Cavada, B. S., Caetano, E. W. S., Filho, J. L. D. L., & Albuquerque, E. L. (2011) · Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics · doi:10.1039/c1cp22824b · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Joventino, I. P., Alves, H. G. R., Neves, L. C., Joventino, F. P., Leal, L. K. A. M., Neves, S. D. A., Ferreira, F. V., Brito, G. A. D. C., & Viana, G. B. (2012) · Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine · doi:10.1515/1553-3840.1534 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
García-Mora, P., Peñas, E., Frı́as, J., Zieliński, H., Wiczkowski, W., Zielińska, D., & Martínez‐Villaluenga, C. (2016) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.5b06080 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Preventive effect of phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis on alloxan-injured mice
Ou, Y., Lin, L., Pan, Q., Yang, X., & Cheng, X. (2012) · Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.etap.2012.09.016 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Amino Acid Substitution of Hypocholesterolemic Peptide Originated from Glycinin Hydrolyzate
Kwon, D. Y., Oh, S. W., Lee, J. S., Yang, H. J., Lee, S. H., Lee, J. H., Lee, Y. B., & Sohn, H. S. (2002) · Food Science and Biotechnology · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Lin, Y.-H., Chen, G.-W., Yeh, C., Song, H., & Tsai, J.-S. (2018) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu10101397 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Self-citationDesign of a highly potent inhibitory peptide acting as a competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase
Pak, V. V., Koo, M., Kwon, D. Y., & Yun, L. M. (2012) · Amino Acids · doi:10.1007/s00726-012-1276-0 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Lin, Y.-H., Chen, C., Tsai, J., & Chen, G. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11061351 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citationPak, V. V., Koo, M., Kim, M. J., Yang, H. J., Yun, L. M., & Kwon, D. Y. (2008) · Journal of Molecular Recognition · doi:10.1002/jmr.889 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Silva, M., Souza, C., Philadelpho, B. O., da Cunha, M. M. N., Batista, F. P. R., da Silva, J. R., Druzian, J. I., Castilho, M. S., Cilli, E. M., & Ferreira, E. D. S. (2018) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.03.132 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Ram, H., Jaipal, N., Charan, J., Kashyap, P., Kumar, S., Tripathi, R., Singh, B. P., Siddaiah, C. N., Hashem, A., Tabassum, B., et al. (2020) · Lipids in Health and Disease · doi:10.1186/s12944-020-1188-z · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Lin, Y.-H., Tsai, J., & Chen, G. (2017) · Journal of Food Biochemistry · doi:10.1111/jfbc.12385 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationHafidz, K. A., Puspitasari, N., Azminah, A., Yanuar, A., Artha, Y., & Mun’im, A. (2017) · Journal of Young Pharmacists · doi:10.5530/jyp.2017.9.107 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Chen, G., Lin, H. V., Huang, L., Lin, C., & Lin, Y.-H. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22105295 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationPrados, I. M., Plaza, M., Marina, M. L., & García, M. C. (2020) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/d0fo00576b · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Heinrich, M. R., & Kulozik, U. (2011) · International Dairy Journal · doi:10.1016/j.idairyj.2011.02.003 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS OF WHEY FROM PROZYME 6-FACILITATED LACTIC ACID BACTERIA FERMENTATION OF MILK
Chen, G., Tsai, J., & Pan, B. S. (2007) · Journal of Food Biochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1745-4514.2007.00135.x · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationVIRGINIA, A. (2016) · Scientia Pharmaceutica · doi:10.3797/scipharm.isp.2015.01 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 21
- Laslett, L.; Alagona, P.; Clark, B.A.; Drozda, J.P.; Saldivar, F.; Wilson, S.R.; Poe, C.; Hart, M. The worldwide environment of cardiovascular disease: Prevalence, diagnosis, therapy, and policy issues: A report from the American College of Cardiology. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2012, 60, S1-S49.
- Roth, G.A.; Johnson, C.; Abajobir, A.; Abd-Allah, F.; Abera, S.F.; Abyu, G.; Alla, F. Global, regional, and national burden of cardiovascular diseases for 10 causes, 1990 to 2015. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2017, 70, 1-25.
- Opie, L.H.; Frishman, W.H.; Thadani, U. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and conventional vasodilators. In Drugs for the Heart, 4th ed.; Opie, L.H., Ed.; Saunders: Philadelphia, PA, USA, 1994; pp. 105-143.
- Wenniger, L.M.; Beuers, U. Bile salts and cholestasis. Dig. Liver Dis. 2010, 42, 409-418.
- Thompson, P.D.; Clarkson, P.; Karas, R.H. Statin-associated myopathy. JAMA 2003, 289, 1681-1690.
- Marques, M.R.; Fontanari, G.G.; Pimenta, D.C.; Soares-Freitas, R.M.; Arêas, J.A.G. Proteolytic hydrolysis of cowpea proteins is able to release peptides with hypocholesterolemic activity. Food Res. Int. 2015, 77, 43-48.
- Soares, R.A.M.; Mendonça, S.; De Castro, L.Í.A.; Menezes, A.C.C.C.C.; Arêas, J.A.G. Major peptides from amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus) protein inhibit HMG-CoA reductase activity. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2015, 16, 4150-4160.
- Nopianti, R.; Oktaviani, S. Fractionation of anticholesterol bioactive compounds from bekasam (Indonesian fermented fish prod- uct). Pertanika J. Trop. Agric. Sci. 2017, 40, 195-204.
- Kwon, D.Y.; Oh, S.W.; Lee, J.S.; Yang, H.J.; Lee, S.H.; Lee, J.H.; Lee, Y.B.; Sohn, H.S. Amino acid substitution of hypocholester- olemic peptide originated from glycinin hydrolyzate. Food Sci. Biotechnol. 2002, 11, 55-61.
- Opie, L.H.; Frishman, W.H.; Thadani, U. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and conventional vasodilators. In Drugs for the Heart, 4th ed.; Opie, L.H., Ed.; Saunders: Philadelphia, PA, USA, 1994; pp. 105-143.
- DeBose-Boyd, R.A. Feedback regulation of cholesterol synthesis: Stero-accelerated ubiquitination and degradation of HMG-CoA reductase. Cell Res. 2008, 18, 609-621. [CrossRef] · DOI · Paper page
- Pak, V.V.; Koo, M.S.; Kasymova, T.D.; Kwon, D.Y. Isolation and identification of peptides from soy 11S-globulin with hypocholes- terolemic activity. Chem. Nat. Compd. 2005, 41, 710-714. [CrossRef] · DOI
- Ashraf, J.; Liu, L.; Awais, M.; Xiao, T.; Wang, L.; Zhou, X.; Tong, L.T.; Zhou, S. Effect of thermosonication pre-treatment on mung bean (Vigna radiate) and white kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) proteins: Enzymatic hydrolysis, cholesterol lowering activity and structural characterization. Ultrason. Sonochem. 2020, 66, 105121. [CrossRef] [PubMed] · DOI
- Nieto, I.M.P.; del Moral, M.P.; Garcia, M.C. Evaluation of the relationship between the peptide profile and the lipid-lowering properties of olive seeds hydrolysates as a tool for tuning hypocholesterolemic functionality. Food Funct. 2020, 11, 4973-4981.
- Nopianti, R.; Oktaviani, S. Fractionation of anticholesterol bioactive compounds from bekasam (Indonesian fermented fish product). Pertanika J. Trop. Agric. Sci. 2017, 40, 195-204.
- Chen, G.W.; Tsai, J.S.; Sun, P.B. Purification of angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides and antihypertensive effect of milk produced by protease-facilitated lactic fermentation. Int. Dairy J. 2007, 17, 641-647. [CrossRef] · DOI
- Chen, G.W.; Tsai, J.S.; Sun, P.B. Cardiovascular effects of whey from prozyme 6-facilitated lactic acid bacteria fermentation of milk. J. Food Biochem. 2007, 31, 639-655. [CrossRef] · DOI
- Lin, Y.H.; Li, C.H.; Lin, C.H.; Yan, Y.Z.; Chuang, Y.Y.; Chen, G.W. Application and development status of an ultra-high pressure processing technique in aquatic food. Fish. Ext. Rep. 2017, 47, 17-32.
- Rinto, D.R.; Yasni, S.; Suhartono, M.T. Novel HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor peptide from Lactobacillus acidophilus isolated from Indonesian fermented food bekasam. IJPCBS 2017, 5, 195-204.
- Cooper, T.G. Spectrophotometry. In The Tools of Biochemistry, 1st ed.; Wiley-Interscience: Hoboken, NJ, USA, 1977; pp. 53-55.
- SAS Institute Inc. SAS ® 9.4 TS1M5 User's Guide; SAS Institute Press: Cary, NC, USA, 2019; p. 35.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Patil, P. J., Usman, M. A., Zhang, C., Mehmood, A., Zhou, M., Teng, C., & Li, X. (2022) · Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety · doi:10.1111/1541-4337.12911 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Wei, L., Wu, H., Wang, X., Li, W., Cui, B., & Cheng, Y. (2024) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140715 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Tang, C., Cheng, J., & Sun, D. (2024) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2024.2399293 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Innovative processes for combating contaminants in fresh Spirulina
Bumandalai, O., Bayliss, K. L., & Moheimani, N. R. (2024) · Algal Research · doi:10.1016/j.algal.2024.103397 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Özyurt, G., Uslu, L., Durmuş, M., Sakarya, Y., Uzlaşır, T., & Küley, E. (2023) · Algal Research · doi:10.1016/j.algal.2023.103149 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Li, J., Bollati, C., d’Adduzio, L., Fanzaga, M., Cruz‐Chamorro, I., Arnoldi, A., Sirtori, C. R., & Lammi, C. (2023) · Trends in Food Science & Technology · doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2023.104279 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
An Investigation of Pepsin Hydrolysate of Short Antibacterial Peptides Derived from Limnospira Sp.
Sathya, R., MubarakAli, D., Mehboob Nousheen, M. G., Vasimalai, N., Thajuddin, N., & Kim, J. (2022) · Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s12010-022-04023-2 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Bellaver, E. H., da Costa, I. M., Redin, E. E., Moroni, L. S., & Kempka, A. P. (2024) · Intelligent Pharmacy · doi:10.1016/j.ipha.2024.05.009 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Singh, B. P. (2025) · European Food Research and Technology · doi:10.1007/s00217-025-04774-2 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Qoms, M. S., Wong, S. K., Fauzi, N. M., Husain, K., Makpol, S., & Tan, J. K. (2025) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox14101170 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Yang, F., Yang, Z., Niazi, S., Chen, G., Nasir, M. A., Khan, I. M., Rehman, A., Aadil, R. M., Trif, M., & Coşier, V. (2022) · Coatings · doi:10.3390/coatings12101577 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationKhaliq, M., Noor, Z., Moazzam, M., Saeed, F., Tul-Zohra, K., Tariq, E., Muhammad Shahbaz, H., & Khaliq, K. (2026) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.1080/07853890.2026.2637282 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Similarly, Arg-Cys-Asp (IC 50 = 6.9 µM) and Ser-Asn-Val (IC 50 = 20.1 µM) peptides from fermented L. platensis inhibited HMG-CoA reductase, indicating strong hypocholesterolemic activity [116–118].”
InfluentialFanari, F., Comaposada, J., Aymerich, T., Claret, A., Guerrero, L., & Castellari, M. (2025) · Food and Bioprocess Technology · doi:10.1007/s11947-025-04088-x · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Fanari, F., Comaposada, J., Aymerich, T., Claret, A., Guerrero, L., & Castellari, M. (2025) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods14071230 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The protein profile of perch essence and its improvement of metabolic syndrome in vitro
Lin, C., Chang, H., Chang, J. F., & Hung, Y. T. (2022) · MOJ Food Processing & Technology · doi:10.15406/mojfpt.2022.10.00267 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Flefil, N. S., Awad, H. M., El-Sabour, A. M. A., & El-Dein, A. N. (2025) · Food and Humanity · doi:10.1016/j.foohum.2025.100761 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Suo, Q., Deng, Z., Yang, Y., Wang, J., Wu, N., Geng, L., & Zhang, Q. (2024) · Journal of Oceanology and Limnology · doi:10.1007/s00343-024-3258-y · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Development and effect of poultry lymphoid tissue supplement on cell viability in culture
Кольберг, Н. А., Tikhonova, N., Tikhonov, S. L., Leontieva, S., & Sergeeva, I. (2022) · Food Processing Techniques and Technology · doi:10.21603/2074-9414-2022-2-2364 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Bioactive peptides from Spirulina platensis as emerging therapeutics for noncommunicable diseases
Ali, A., Fatima, A., Iqbal, S., Khan, A., Tariq, E., Mirza, M. S. Z., Junaid, S. B., Ahmad, S., & Khaliq, M. (2026) · Discover Food · doi:10.1007/s44187-026-00939-4 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
CALCULATION OF THE ABSORPTION OF ENERGY OF AN ELECTRON BEAM IN MATTER
Ravin, V. S. (1966) · OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)
Effect of high-pressure technologies on enzymes used in nonfood processing applications
Diehl, M., Kang, M. J., & Reyes-De-Corcuera, J. I. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-98386-0.00007-5
Deupa, H., Shankar, P., & Panwar, P. (2026) · Journal of Microencapsulation · doi:10.1080/02652048.2026.2709765
Effects of Spirulina Enrichment on Bread Quality: Color, Texture, Volatile, and Sensory Properties
Masino, F., Faro, E. L., Riggio, A., Gammaitoni, M., Santunione, G., Licciardello, F., Antonelli, A., & Montevecchi, G. (2026) · Food Science & Nutrition · doi:10.1002/fsn3.72345
- Authors
- Chen, G.-W., & Yang, M.-H.
- Affiliations
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, No. 2 Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 202, Taiwan
- National Taiwan Ocean University (TW)
- ORCID
- Chen, Guan-Wen
- Venue
- Catalysts
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2021-07-21
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 873
- ISSN
- 2073-4344 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3207596830
- Cited by
- 23
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5
- FWCI
- 1.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Catalysts (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- the National Science Council, Taiwan ([MOST 107-2218-E-019-002] and [MOST 108-2221-E-019-040-MY3])
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Hydrolysis and Bioactive Peptides
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Seaweed-derived Bioactive Compounds
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biotechnology › Enzyme Production and Characterization
- Keywords
- Spirulina platensis, high hydrostatic pressure, protease hydrolysis, lactic acid bacteria fermentation, peptide purification, in vitro digestion, free amino acids
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
