Statin-associated myopathy

Thompson, Paul D.; Clarkson, Priscilla; Karas, Richard H.

doi:10.1001/jama.289.13.1681

Cited by 1,463Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular HealthPharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug ReactionsMuscle and Compartmental Disorders

Statin-associated myopathy

Thompson, Paul D., Clarkson, Priscilla, Karas, Richard H.·2003·JAMA

DOI 10.1001/jama.289.13.1681

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Abstract

Statins (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors) are associated with skeletal muscle complaints, including clinically important myositis and rhabdomyolysis, mild serum creatine kinase (CK) elevations, myalgia with and without elevated CK levels, muscle weakness, muscle cramps, and persistent myalgia and CK elevations after statin withdrawal. We performed a literature review to provide a clinical summary of statin-associated myopathy and discuss possible mediating mechanisms. We also update the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) reports on statin-associated rhabdomyolysis. Articles on statin myopathy were identified via a PubMed search through November 2002 and articles on statin clinical trials, case series, and review articles were identified via a PubMed search through January 2003. Adverse event reports of statin-associated rhabdomyolysis were also collected from the FDA MEDWATCH database. The literature review found that reports of muscle problems during statin clinical trials are extremely rare. The FDA MEDWATCH Reporting System lists 3339 cases of statin-associated rhabdomyolysis reported between January 1, 1990, and March 31, 2002. Cerivastatin was the most commonly implicated statin. Few data are available regarding the frequency of less-serious events such as muscle pain and weakness, which may affect 1% to 5% of patients. The risk of rhabdomyolysis and other adverse effects with statin use can be exacerbated by several factors, including compromised hepatic and renal function, hypothyroidism, diabetes, and concomitant medications. Medications such as the fibrate gemfibrozil alter statin metabolism and increase statin plasma concentration. How statins injure skeletal muscle is not clear, although recent evidence suggests that statins reduce the production of small regulatory proteins that are important for myocyte maintenance.

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The mechanism behind statin-induced myopathic changes is not fully understood.
“Adverse effects of statin treatment on skeletal muscle (from myositis to rhabdomyolysis) have been reported, but the mechanism behind these myopathic changes is not fully understood (4).”
From Simvastatin Effects on Skeletal Muscle (2013) · cites this paper as [4]
The sub-analysis of the HPS2-THRIVE study could not show a beneficial effect of nicotinic acid added to statin.
“The sub-analysis of the HPS2-THRIVE study699), which included subjects with HDL-C levels < 34.8 mg/dL or TG levels ≥ 151 mg/dL and a ASCVD history, also could not show beneficial effect of NA added to statin.”
From Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) guidelines for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases 2017 (2018) · cites this paper as [699]

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Effect of Coenzyme Q10 on myopathic symptoms in patients treated with statins
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The muscle-specific ubiquitin ligase atrogin-1/MAFbx mediates statin-induced muscle toxicity
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Authors: Thompson, P. D., Clarkson, P., & Karas, R. H.
Affiliations: Hartford Hospital (US)
ORCID: Thompson, Paul D.
Karas, Richard H.
Venue: JAMA
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Published: 2003-04-02
Volume: 289
Issue: 13
Pages: 1681
ISSN: 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
0098-7484
DOI: 10.1001/jama.289.13.1681
OpenAlex: W2059078444
Cited by: 1,463
References: 114
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 54 · 2018: 52 · 2017: 54 · 2016: 79 · 2015: 60 · 2014: 76 · 2013: 75 · 2012: 97
FWCI: 19.53
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: JAMA (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
ScholarWorks@UMassAmherst (University of Massachusetts Amherst) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Toxicology › Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reactions
Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Muscle and Compartmental Disorders
Keywords: statin-induced myopathy, statins, rhabdomyolysis, myositis, creatine kinase elevation, myalgia, statin withdrawal, adverse drug reactions, cerivastatin, gemfibrozil, drug interactions
MeSH terms: Anticholesteremic Agents, Creatine Kinase, Humans, Muscle Cramp, Muscular Diseases, Myositis, Rhabdomyolysis, Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems, Muscle, Skeletal, Muscle Weakness, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors

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