Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD) Metabolism as a Relevant Target in Cancer
Open accessAbstract
NAD+ is an important metabolite in cell homeostasis that acts as an essential cofactor in oxidation–reduction (redox) reactions in various energy production processes, such as the Krebs cycle, fatty acid oxidation, glycolysis and serine biosynthesis. Furthermore, high NAD+ levels are required since they also participate in many other nonredox molecular processes, such as DNA repair, posttranslational modifications, cell signalling, senescence, inflammatory responses and apoptosis. In these nonredox reactions, NAD+ is an ADP-ribose donor for enzymes such as sirtuins (SIRTs), poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) and cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPRs). Therefore, to meet both redox and nonredox NAD+ demands, tumour cells must maintain high NAD+ levels, enhancing their synthesis mainly through the salvage pathway. NAMPT, the rate-limiting enzyme of this pathway, has been identified as an oncogene in some cancer types. Thus, NAMPT has been proposed as a suitable target for cancer therapy. NAMPT inhibition causes the depletion of NAD+ content in the cell, leading to the inhibition of ATP synthesis. This effect can cause a decrease in tumour cell proliferation and cell death, mainly by apoptosis. Therefore, in recent years, many specific inhibitors of NAMPT have been developed, and some of them are currently in clinical trials. Here we review the NAD metabolism as a cancer therapy target.
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FK866 is an enzymatic inhibitor of NAMPT.
“we used FK866, an enzymatic inhibitor of NAMPT 38.”
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- Authors
- Navas, L. E., & Carnero, A.
- Affiliations
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Carnero, Amancio
- ORCID
- Carnero, Amancio
- Venue
- Cells
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2022-08-24
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 17
- Pages
- 2627
- ISSN
- 2073-4409 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9454445
- OpenAlex
- W4293008982
- Cited by
- 68
- References
- 161
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 1.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cells (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RISalud Institutional Health Repository of Andalucía (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCI), Plan Estatal de I+D+I 2021, a la Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) y al Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (MCI/AEI/FEDER, UE) (RTI2018-097455-B-I00, ID2021-122629OB-I00, GC16173720CARR)
- FEDER from Regional Development European Funds (European Union) (RTI2018-097455-B-I00, ID2021-122629OB-I00, GC16173720CARR)
- European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) from the Regional Ministry of Economic Transformation, Industry, Knowledge and Universities (RTI2018-097455-B-I00, ID2021-122629OB-I00, GC16173720CARR)
- AECC (Spanish Association of Cancer Research) (RTI2018-097455-B-I00, ID2021-122629OB-I00, GC16173720CARR)
- FPU from Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MCIU) Plan Estatal de I+D+I 2016 (RTI2018-097455-B-I00, ID2021-122629OB-I00, GC16173720CARR)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Sirtuins and Resveratrol in Medicine
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Biochemical and Molecular Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Physiology › Calcium signaling and nucleotide metabolism
- Keywords
- NAD+ metabolism, visfatin, NAD+ salvage pathway, sirtuins, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, cyclic ADP-ribose, ADP-ribosylation, NAMPT inhibitors, cancer therapy targets, tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, redox metabolism
- MeSH terms
- Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose, Humans, NAD, Neoplasms, Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases, Sirtuins
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