Efficacy of morning shorter wavelength lighting in the visible (blue) range and broad-spectrum or blue-enriched bright white light in regulating sleep, mood, and fatigue in traumatic brain injury: a systematic review.
Open accessAbstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) profoundly affects sleep, mood, and fatigue, impeding daily functioning and recovery. This systematic review evaluates the efficacy of morning shorter wavelength lighting in the visible (blue) range and broad-spectrum or blue-enriched bright white light exposure in mitigating these challenges among TBI patients. Through electronic database searches up to May 2023, studies assessing sleep, circadian rhythm, sleepiness, mood, and fatigue outcomes in TBI patients exposed to morning shorter wavelength lighting in the visible (blue) range and broad-spectrum or blue-enriched bright white light were identified. Seven studies involving 309 participants met the inclusion criteria. Results indicated consistent advancement in sleep timing among individuals with mild TBI, alongside improvements in total sleep time, mood, and reduced sleepiness with both types of light exposure, particularly in mild TBI cases. Notably, two studies demonstrated alleviation of fatigue exclusively in severe TBI cases following light exposure. Despite promising findings, evidence remains limited, emphasizing the need for future research with standardized protocols to confirm the potential and optimize the benefits of light therapy for TBI recovery.
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The illuminance of natural light during the day ranges from 32,000 to 100,000 lux.
“Typically, the illuminance of natural light during the day ranges from 32,000 to 100,000 lux.[51]”
From Effectiveness of visible light for seasonal affective disorder: A systematic review and network meta-analysis (2025) · cites this paper as [51]
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“However, short wavelength monochromatic light (blue) in the short wavelength range of 446–477 nm with a peak sensitivity at 479 nm in humans), is the strongest synchronizing agent for the clock in humans [18].”
BackgroundThe inner clock-Blue light sets the human rhythm
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Sorted by citations
Wan, Y., Ding, J., Fan, M., & Huang, H. (2025) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000043107 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“[51] 54] Consequently, many of the included studies in this research employed bright white light therapy, with light intensities reaching up to 10,000 lux.”
- Authors
- Chow, C. M., Ekanayake, K., & Hackett, D.
- Affiliations
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Chow, Chin Moi
- Venue
- Clocks & Sleep
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2024-05-28
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 255-266
- ISSN
- 2624-5175 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC11202910
- OpenAlex
- W4399078567
- Cited by
- 4
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2
- FWCI
- 0.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Clocks & Sleep (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Keywords
- traumatic brain injury, phototherapy, blue light, morning light exposure, circadian rhythm, sleep timing, sleep duration, mood, fatigue, sleepiness, mild traumatic brain injury, severe traumatic brain injury
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