Phototransduction by retinal ganglion cells that set the circadian clock
Abstract
Light synchronizes mammalian circadian rhythms with environmental time by modulating retinal input to the circadian pacemaker-the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus. Such photic entrainment requires neither rods nor cones, the only known retinal photoreceptors. Here, we show that retinal ganglion cells innervating the SCN are intrinsically photosensitive. Unlike other ganglion cells, they depolarized in response to light even when all synaptic input from rods and cones was blocked. The sensitivity, spectral tuning, and slow kinetics of this light response matched those of the photic entrainment mechanism, suggesting that these ganglion cells may be the primary photoreceptors for this system.
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Photoreceptor cells containing melanopsin play a role in the phase-shifting effects of short-wavelength light.
“Photoreceptor cells containing melanopsin play a role in the phase-shifting effects of short-wavelength light.”
NIF light effects at shorter wavelength via novel photoreceptors containing the photopigment melanopsin appear to strongly impact the human circadian timing system.
“NIF light effects at shorter wavelength via novel photoreceptors containing the photopigment melanopsin appear to strongly impact the human circadian timing system [11,12].”
From Dawn simulation light impacts on different cognitive domains under sleep restriction (2015) · cites this paper as [11]
Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells are engaged in several non-image-forming functions, including circadian phototransduction.
“This third class of photoreceptors, called intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), are engaged in several non-image-forming functions, including circadian phototransduction34.”
From Circadian rhythm disruption and mental health (2020) · cites this paper as [34]
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- Authors
- Berson, D. M., Dunn, F. A., & Takao, M.
- Affiliations
- Brown University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Berson, David M.
- Dunn, Felice A.
- Takao, Motoharu
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2002-02-08
- Volume
- 295
- Issue
- 5557
- Pages
- 1070-1073
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2009077913
- Cited by
- 3,629
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 162 · 2025: 188 · 2024: 194 · 2023: 186 · 2022: 206 · 2021: 221 · 2020: 196 · 2019: 224 · 2018: 193 · 2017: 184 · 2016: 164 · 2015: 159 · 2014: 167 · 2013: 132 · 2012: 135
- FWCI
- 31.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Eye Institute (EY12793, R01EY012793)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Retinal Development and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Photoreceptor and optogenetics research
- Keywords
- retinal ganglion cells, intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells, circadian clock, suprachiasmatic nucleus, light entrainment, non-visual photoreception, rod and cone photoreceptors, spectral tuning
- MeSH terms
- Melanopsin, Animals, Axons, Biological Clocks, Circadian Rhythm, Dendrites, Isoquinolines, Kinetics, Light, Retinal Ganglion Cells, Suprachiasmatic Nucleus, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Rod Opsins, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Rats, Light Signal Transduction
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