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Cited by 11Vitamin D Research StudiesHormonal and reproductive studiesSperm and Testicular Function

The Impact of Vitamin D on Androgens and Anabolic Steroids among Adult Males: A Meta-Analytic Review

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Abu-Zaid, Ahmed, Saleh, Saleh A. K., Adly, Heba M., Baradwan, Saeed, Alharran, Abdullah M., Alhatm, Mshal, Alzayed, Mooza M., Alotaibi, Muteb N. +4 more·2024·Diseases
DOI 10.3390/diseases12100228PMC PMC11506788
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Abstract

Background: Recent studies indicate that vitamin D impacts male reproductive function, with deficiency linked to infertility. This review evaluates the effect of vitamin D supplementation on male fertility, focusing on total testosterone, free testosterone, the free androgen index (FAI), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and estradiol. Methods: We systematically searched Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus from their inception until July 2024 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving adult males. The primary focus of these studies was on reproductive hormone parameters, analyzed using a random-effects meta-analysis and weighted mean difference (WMD). Evidence quality was assessed using ROB2 and GRADE. Meta-regression and dose–response analyses were performed. Results: Seventeen studies met the criteria for quantitative analysis. Vitamin D supplementation significantly increased total testosterone levels (WMD 0.38, 95% CI 0.06–0.70, n = 15, I2 = 67.03). However, it had no significant effect on other hormone parameters: free testosterone (WMD 0.00, 95% CI −0.02–0.03, n = 9, I2 = 48.12), FSH (WMD −0.02, 95% CI −0.57–0.53, n = 7, I2 = 48.72), LH (WMD −0.09, 95% CI −0.30–0.12, n = 8, I2 = 0.00), SHBG (WMD 0.73, 95% CI −1.14–2.61, n = 10, I2 = 69.05), FAI (WMD −0.92, 95% CI −2.12–0.27, n = 6, I2 = 0.00), and estradiol (WMD −0.02, 95% CI −2.95–2.92, n = 5, I2 = 20.63). Conclusion: This meta-analysis shows that vitamin D supplementation may increase total testosterone levels in men. However, further well-designed RCTs are needed to determine vitamin D’s effects on other reproductive hormone parameters.

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Authors
Abu-Zaid, A., Saleh, S. A. K., Adly, H. M., Baradwan, S., Alharran, A. M., Alhatm, M., Alzayed, M. M., Alotaibi, M. N., Saad, A. R., Alfayadh, H. M., Abuzaid, M., & Alomar, O.
Affiliations
  • Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
  • Umm al-Qura University (SA)
  • King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre (SA)
  • Arabian Gulf University (BH)
  • Alfaisal University (SA)
  • Almaarefa University (SA)
  • Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Al Birk General Hospital, Al Birk 63525, Saudi Arabia
ORCID
Venue
Diseases
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2024-09-25
Volume
12
Issue
10
Pages
228
ISSN
2079-9721 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/diseases12100228
PMC
PMC11506788
OpenAlex
W4402826012
Cited by
11
References
6
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 5
FWCI
0.82
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Diseases (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Funders
Alfaisal University
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Vitamin D Research Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Sperm and Testicular Function
Keywords
vitamin D supplementation, androgens, anabolic steroids, male fertility, testosterone, free testosterone, free androgen index, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, sex hormone-binding globulin, estradiol, male reproductive function, vitamin D deficiency, infertility, dose-response relationship

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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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