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The Application of Courtyard and Settlement Layouts of the Traditional Diyarbakır Houses to Contemporary Houses: A Case Study on the Analysis of Energy Performance

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Ayçam, İdil, Akalp, Sevilay, Görgülü, Leyla Senem·2020·Energies
DOI 10.3390/en13030587
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Abstract

Conventional energy use has brought environmental problems such as global warming and accelerated efforts to reduce energy consumption in many areas, particularly in the housing sector. For this purpose, bioclimatic design principles and vernacular architecture parameters have started to be examined in residential buildings nowadays. Thus, the demand for less energy-consuming houses has started to increase. In this study, we aimed to specify the significance of traditional architectural parameters for houses in the hot-dry climatic region of Diyarbakır, Turkey. Within the scope of the study, a case was based on the urban fabric of the traditional houses in Historical Diyarbakir Suriçi-Old Town settlement and the Şilbe Mass Housing Area was discussed. The courtyard types, settlement patterns, and street texture of traditional Diyarbakır houses were modeled by using DesignBuilder energy simulation program for the case study. Annual heating, cooling, and total energy loads were calculated, and their thermal performances were compared. The aim is to create a less energy-consuming and sustainable environment with the adaptation of traditional building form-street texture to today’s housing sector. Development of a settlement model, which is based on traditional houses’ bioclimatic design for hot-dry region, was intended to be applied in the modern housing sector of Turkey. Moreover, adapting local forms, urban texture, and settlement patterns to today has significant potential for sustainable architecture and energy-efficient buildings. According to this study, the optimum form and layout of traditional houses, which are one of the climate balanced building designs, provide annual energy savings if integrated and designed in today’s building construction. As a result of this study, if the passive design alternatives such as building shape, layout, and orientation were developed in the first stage of the design, energy efficient building design would be possible. The study is important for the continuation of traditional sustainable design.

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Registry

Crossref · 10.3390/en13030587

Cites

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Figures

Figure 1 Location of Diyarbakır [15]. Figure 1. Location of Diyarbakır [15]. Figure 1. Location of Diyarbakır [15].
Figure 1 Location of Diyarbakır [15]. Figure 1. Location of Diyarbakır [15]. Figure 1. Location of Diyarbakır [15].CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 2 The average temperature measurements per month for Diyarbakır [14]. Figure 2. The average temperature measurements per month for Diyarbakır [14]. Figure 2. The average temperature measurements per month for Diyarbakır [14].
Figure 2 The average temperature measurements per month for Diyarbakır [14]. Figure 2. The average temperature measurements per month for Diyarbakır [14]. Figure 2. The average temperature measurements per month for Diyarbakır [14].CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 3 Satellite view of historical Old Town texture-Şilbe collective housing settlement unit Figure 3. Satellite view of historical Old Town texture-¸ Silbe collective housing settlement unit [17,18].
Figure 3 Satellite view of historical Old Town texture-Şilbe collective housing settlement unit Figure 3. Satellite view of historical Old Town texture-¸ Silbe collective housing settlement unit [17,18].CC-BY · From the PDF
Table 1. Examples of space, street pattern in the historical settlement [21-27]. Table 1. Examples of space, street pattern in the historical settlement [21-27]. Table 1. Examples of space, street pattern in the historical settlement [21-27].
Table 1. Examples of space, street pattern in the historical settlement [21-27]. Table 1. Examples of space, street pattern in the historical settlement [21-27]. Table 1. Examples of space, street pattern in the historical settlement [21-27].CC-BY · From the PDF
Image 5
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Image 6
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Image 7
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Image 8
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Image 9
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Image 10
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Table 2. Parts of a typical traditional house in the Diyarbakır old town settlement, Cahit Sıtkı Tarancı house [33]. Table 2. Parts of a typical traditional house in the Diyarbakır old town settlement, Cahit Sıtkı Tarancı house [33]. house [33]. Part Image Part Image Seasonal Part Seasonal Part Seasonal Part
Table 2. Parts of a typical traditional house in the Diyarbakır old town settlement, Cahit Sıtkı Tarancı house [33]. Table 2. Parts of a typical traditional house in the Diyarbakır old town settlement, Cahit Sıtkı Tarancı house [33]. house [33]. Part Image Part Image Seasonal Part Seasonal Part Seasonal PartCC-BY · From the PDF
Image 12
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Image 13
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Table 6. Courtyard alternatives by using adiabatic building mass. shadow effect of the most commonly used forms in traditional Diyarbakır houses were compared Table 6. Courtyard alternatives by using adiabatic building mass. Energies 2019 , 12 , x FOR PEER REVIEW 9 of 17 Energies 2019 , 12 , x FOR PEER REVIEW Energies 2019 , 12 , x FOR PEER REVIEW (12 × 4 × 8 m)
Table 6. Courtyard alternatives by using adiabatic building mass. shadow effect of the most commonly used forms in traditional Diyarbakır houses were compared Table 6. Courtyard alternatives by using adiabatic building mass. Energies 2019 , 12 , x FOR PEER REVIEW 9 of 17 Energies 2019 , 12 , x FOR PEER REVIEW Energies 2019 , 12 , x FOR PEER REVIEW (12 × 4 × 8 m)CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 5 Reference courtyard form and dimensions (m). Figure 5. Reference courtyard form and dimensions (m).
Figure 5 Reference courtyard form and dimensions (m). Figure 5. Reference courtyard form and dimensions (m).CC-BY · From the PDF
Image 16
CC-BY · From the PDF
Image 17
CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 7 The effect of change of courtyard form on heating-cooling load values. Figure 7. The e ect of change of courtyard form on heating-cooling load values.
Figure 7 The effect of change of courtyard form on heating-cooling load values. Figure 7. The e ect of change of courtyard form on heating-cooling load values.CC-BY · From the PDF

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Citations

Cites

Show all 25 references

Research works printed but not linked: 6

  1. Fathy, H. (1986). Natural Energy and Vernacular Architecture: Principles and Examples with Reference Hot-Arid Climates, University of Chicago Press.
  2. Erginbaş, D. (1953). Diyarbakir Houses, Pulhan Press.
  3. Sahil, 2017, The reflection of changing social structure: Diyarbakir Example, Megaron, 12, 531
  4. 2017, Construction tecniques and material protection problems in traditional Diyarbakir Houses, Dicle Univ. J. Eng., 8, 345
  5. Tuncer, O.C. (1999). Diyarbakir Houses, Diyarbakir Metropolitan Municipality Culture and Art Press.
  6. Aksulu, 2001, Traditional housing architecture in Diyarbakir, Gazi Univ. J. Art, 2, 53

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Metadata

Authors
Ayçam, İ., Akalp, S., & Görgülü, L. S.
Affiliations
  • Gazi University (TR)
  • Harran University (TR)
Corresponding author
Ayçam, İdil
ORCID
Venue
Energies
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2020-01-27
Volume
13
Issue
3
Pages
587
ISSN
1996-1073 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/en13030587
OpenAlex
W3001089424
Cited by
23
References
25
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1
FWCI
0.93
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Energies (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Building Energy and Comfort Optimization
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Archeology (arts and humanities) › Architecture and Cultural Influences
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Building energy efficiency and sustainability
Keywords
courtyard layout, settlement patterns, vernacular architecture, climate-responsive design, hot arid climate, energy performance, heating and cooling loads, passive design, sustainable housing, urban fabric, building orientation

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Application of Courtyard and Settlement Layouts of the Traditional Diyarbakır Houses to Contemporary Houses: A Case Study on the Analysis of Energy Performance. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.3390/en13030587
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Ayçam, İ., Akalp, S., & Görgülü, L. S. (2020). The Application of Courtyard and Settlement Layouts of the Traditional Diyarbakır Houses to Contemporary Houses: A Case Study on the Analysis of Energy Performance. Energies. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13030587