New Insights for the Future Design of Composites Composed of Hydrochar and Zeolite for Developing Advanced Biofuels from Cranberry Pomace
Open accessAbstract
This study provides fundamental insight and offers a promising catalytic hydrothermal method to harness cranberry pomace as a potential bioenergy and/or hydrochar source. The physical and chemical properties of Canadian cranberry pomace, supplied by Fruit d’Or Inc., were examined and the optimum operational conditions, in terms of biocrude yield, were obtained by the I-optimal matrix of Design Expert 11. Afterward, cranberry pomace hydrochar (CPH) and zeolite were separately introduced to the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) process to investigate the benefits and disadvantages associated with their catalytic activity. CPH was found to be a better host than zeolite to accommodate cellulosic sugars and showed great catalytic performance in producing hydrocarbons. However, high amounts of corrosive amino and aliphatic acids hinder the practical application of CPH as a catalyst. Alternatively, zeolite, as a commercial high surface area catalyst, had a higher activity for deoxygenation of compounds containing carbonyl, carboxyl, and hydroxyl groups than CPH and resulted in higher selectivity of phenols. Due to the low hydrothermal structural stability, coke formation, and narrow pore size distribution, further activations and modifications are needed to improve the catalytic behavior of zeolite. Our results suggest that a composite composed of CPH and zeolite can resolve the abovementioned limitations and help with the development and commercialization of advanced biofuels from cranberry pomace.
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Norouzi et al. (2020) developed cranberry pomace-derived composite for deoxygenation; CPH and zeolite composite via HTL; CPH was more active relative to zeolite in conversion of cellulosic sugars into hydrocarbons.
“Further, Norouzi et al. (2020) developed a cranberry pomace-derived composite for deoxygenation reactions [102].Cranberry pomace hydrochar (CPH) and zeolite were introduced to make a composite via the hydrothermal liquefaction technique.Experimental outcomes revealed that cranberry pomace hydrochar was found to be more active relative to zeolite in the conversion of cellulosic sugars into”
From Hydrochar: A Review on Its Production Technologies and Applications (2021) · cites this paper as [102]
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Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPresence of corrosive amino and aliphatic acids hindered CPH catalytic activity; addition of zeolite would overcome these challenges.
“However, the presence of the corrosive amino and aliphatic acids hindered the CPH catalytic activity; nevertheless, the addition of zeolite would overcome these challenges.”
From Hydrochar: A Review on Its Production Technologies and Applications (2021) · cites this paper as [102]
The Abstract and §3.4 say corrosive amino and aliphatic acids hinder the practical application of CPH alone as a catalyst, not its catalytic activity. The Abstract suggests that a CPH–zeolite composite could resolve the limitations, but §4 calls its catalytic effect a hypothesis; the paper does not establish that adding zeolite overcomes them. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.90)
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Hydrochar: A Review on Its Production Technologies and Applications
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- Authors
- Norouzi, O., Heidari, M., M. Martinez, M., & Dutta, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Guelph (CA)
- iFOOD Multidisciplinary Center, Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
- Corresponding author
- Dutta, Animesh
- Venue
- Energies
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2020-12-14
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 24
- Pages
- 6600
- ISSN
- 1996-1073 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3111529004
- Cited by
- 12
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2
- FWCI
- 0.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Energies (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (HQP2019-1592)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Catalysis and Hydrodesulfurization Studies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Catalysis for Biomass Conversion
- Keywords
- cranberry pomace, hydrochar, zeolites, hydrothermal liquefaction, catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction, biofuels, biocrude, deoxygenation, coke formation, zeolite activation, fruit by-products, advanced biofuels
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