Optimal Individual Phase Voltage Regulation Strategies in Active Distribution Networks with High PV Penetration Using the Sparrow Search Algorithm
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This study aimed to propose individual phase voltage regulation strategies using the sparrow search algorithm (SSA) in the IEEE 8500-node large-scale unbalanced distribution network with high photovoltaic (PV) penetration. The proposed approach is capable of individual phase regulation, which coordinates the on-load tap changer (OLTC), voltage regulator (VR), switched capacitor bank (SCB), and volt–var setting controlled by a smart inverter to improve voltage variation and unbalance. Consequently, the change time of VRs, the switched times of SCBs, and the individual phase voltage magnitude and unbalance ratio are considered in the fitness function for the SSA. The simulation scenarios fully consider the unbalanced load conditions and PV power output patterns, and the numerical results demonstrate that the voltage variation and unbalance are clearly improved, by 15% and 26%, respectively. The fitness values, operation times of OLTC, VR, and SCB, and the settings of the volt–var controlled smart inverter are also optimized by the SSA. The outcomes of this study are helpful for distribution system operators in formulating voltage control strategies corresponding to different system conditions.
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As a condition for stability of inverter operation in Volt/Var regulation mode, the slope m must be less than 1/(∂U/∂Q).
“As a condition for the stability of the inverter operation in the Volt/Var regulation mode, the following criterion is formulated: m < 1 ∂U/∂Q .”
From Determining Volt/Var Characteristics of Electric Vehicle Charging Station Inverters for Voltage Regulation in Distribution Networks (2024) · cites this paper as [26]
Section 2.3 says a steep Volt/Var control-curve slope may cause voltage and reactive-power oscillations, supporting the general connection between slope and stability. Section 3.3 addresses oscillations through an inverter-iteration limit, but neither section states the claimed criterion m < 1/(∂U/∂Q). No page numbers are available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThere is a possibility of undamped oscillations in the reactive power of inverters with a large slope of the Volt/Var characteristic.
“As shown in [26,32,33], there is a possibility of undamped oscillations in the reactive power of inverters with a large slope of the Volt/Var characteristic.”
From Determining Volt/Var Characteristics of Electric Vehicle Charging Station Inverters for Voltage Regulation in Distribution Networks (2024) · cites this paper as [26]
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- Authors
- Lee, Y.-D., Lin, W.-C., Jiang, J.-L., Cai, J.-H., Huang, W.-T., & Yao, K.-C.
- Affiliations
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research (TW)
- National Changhua University of Education (TW)
- The Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan 325, Taiwan
- Corresponding author
- Huang, Wei-Tzer
- Yao, Kai-Chao
- Venue
- Energies
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2021-12-12
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 24
- Pages
- 8370
- ISSN
- 1996-1073 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4200395122
- Cited by
- 16
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 4
- FWCI
- 1.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Energies (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (MOST110-3116-F018-001)
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Optimal Power Flow Distribution
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Power Quality and Harmonics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Power System Optimization and Stability
- Keywords
- active distribution networks, high photovoltaic penetration, sparrow search algorithm, unbalanced distribution systems, on-load tap changer, voltage regulator, switched capacitor banks, volt/var control, smart inverters, voltage unbalance, voltage variation
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