A Critical Review on Decarbonizing Heating in China: Pathway Exploration for Technology with Multi-Sector Applications
Open accessAbstract
Coal-fired heating is the main method of heating in China, causing serious air pollution and large amounts of CO2 emissions. Decarbonizing heating is important to reduce carbon emissions, and choosing a suitable heating technical scheme is conducive to the early realization of carbon neutrality in China. Coal to gas and coal to electricity transformation projects were carried out in 2017 and achieved remarkable effects. This study compares the current domestic and international clean heating modes, where gas heating, electric heating, heat hump heating, biomass heating, and solar heating coupling system are taken into account. The heating technology potential and heating support aspects, including the industrial sector, building sector, carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology, and publicity are explored as well. Regarding the actual situation in China, a comparative analysis is also conducted on the different types of heat pumps, and then an optimal heating scheme for urban and rural areas is proposed. It is suggested that the urban area with centralized heating can install ground source heat pumps, and the rural area with distributed heating can apply a coupling system of solar photovoltaics to ground source heat pumps (PV-GSHP). Based on current policies and standards support, this study calculates the carbon emissions of this scheme in 2030 and provides a detailed analysis of relevant parameters. The feasibility and superiority of the scheme are confirmed by comparison and discussion with other studies. Moreover, specific measures in planning, subsidy, construction, and electricity are proposed to implement the heating scheme. This study provides a reference for the mode selection and technical scheme of heating decarbonation in China, and that could be also considered in other regions or countries.
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Rural regions use combined heat and power systems, sometimes referred to as cogeneration, to produce heat and electricity concurrently from biogas.
“Rural regions use combined heat and power systems, sometimes referred to as cogeneration, to produce heat and electricity concurrently from biogas [63].”
From Anaerobic digestion of agricultural waste for biogas production and sustainable bioenergy recovery: a review (2024) · cites this paper as [63]
China has adopted decentralized biogas facilities in rural regions, specifically for domestic heating.
“According to Hou et al. [63], China has adopted decentralized biogas facilities in rural regions, specifically for domestic heating.”
From Anaerobic digestion of agricultural waste for biogas production and sustainable bioenergy recovery: a review (2024) · cites this paper as [63]
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Rajchel, D., & Rajchel, A. (2024) · Economics and Environment · doi:10.34659/eis.2024.88.1.614 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Zhu, K., Liu, X., Qiang, Y., & Luo, X. (2025) · Energy and Buildings · doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115806
Research on the Application Effect of Clean Heating in Rural Residential Buildings in Northern China
Liu, X., Wang, Z., Zuo, Y., Feng, G., Huang, K., Cui, Y., & Chen, J. (2025) · Lecture notes in electrical engineering · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-6503-7_26
- Authors
- Hou, X., Zhong, S., & Zhao, J.
- Affiliations
- China University of Geosciences (Beijing) (CN)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Corresponding author
- Zhong, Shuai
- Venue
- Energies
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2022-02-06
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1183
- ISSN
- 1996-1073 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4210720467
- Cited by
- 12
- References
- 98
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 0.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Energies (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Integrated Energy Systems Optimization
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Renewable energy and sustainable power systems
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technologies
- Keywords
- coal-fired heating, carbon neutrality, heat pumps, ground source heat pump, photovoltaics, biomass heating, electric heating, gas heating, carbon capture and storage, coal-to-gas conversion, coal-to-electricity conversion, CO2 emissions, China
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