Direct CO2 Hydrogenation over Bifunctional Catalysts to Produce Dimethyl Ether—A Review

Methanol synthesis from CO2: a DFT investigation on Zn-promoted Cu catalyst

Zheng, H., Narkhede, N., Han, L., Zhang, H., & Li, Z. (2019) · Research on Chemical Intermediates · doi:10.1007/s11164-019-04061-2 · Cited by 26

CO 2 to dimethyl ether (DME): structural and functional insights of hybrid catalysts

Ghosh, A., Nag, D., Chatterjee, R., Singha, A., Dash, P. S., Chowdhury, B., & Bhaumik, A. (2024) · Catalysis Science & Technology · doi:10.1039/d3cy01497e · Cited by 26

Green synthesis of methanol over zeolite based Cu nano-catalysts, effect of Mg promoter

Din, I. U., Alotaibi, M. A., & Alharthi, A. I. (2020) · Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy · doi:10.1016/j.scp.2020.100264 · Cited by 25

Dimethoxymethane production via CO2 hydrogenation in methanol over novel Ru based hierarchical BEA

Ahmad, W., Chan, F. L., Shrotri, A., Palai, Y. N., Wang, H., & Tanksale, A. (2021) · Journal of Energy Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jechem.2021.07.026 · Cited by 25

Enhancement of biogas combustion by co-firing dimethyl ether in a gas turbine model combustor

Xi, Z., Liu, Z., Shi, X., Lian, T., Yang, X., Zhang, J., Mei, B., & Li, Y. (2022) · Fuel · doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2022.123446 · Cited by 25

Feasibility, Limit, and Suitable Reaction Conditions for the Production of Alcohols and Hydrocarbons from CO and CO2 through Hydrogenation, a Thermodynamic Consideration

Guo, S., Wang, H., Qin, Z., Li, Z., Wang, G., Dong, M., Fan, W., & Wang, J. (2022) · Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research · doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.2c02898 · Cited by 25

A review on high-pressure heterogeneous catalytic processes for gas-phase CO2 valorization.

Villora-Picó, J., González-Arias, J., Pastor-Pérez, L., Odriozola, J., & Reina, T. (2023) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2023.117520 · Cited by 25

Burning velocities of dimethyl ether (DME)–nitrous oxide (N2O) mixtures

Yamamoto, Y., & Tachibana, T. (2018) · Fuel · doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2017.12.067 · Cited by 24

Green methanol synthesis by catalytic CO2 hydrogenation, deciphering the role of metal-metal interaction

Alotaibi, M. A., Din, I. U., Alharthi, A. I., Bakht, M. A., Centi, G., Shaharun, M. S., & Naeem, A. (2021) · Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy · doi:10.1016/j.scp.2021.100420 · Cited by 24

Conversion of the CO and CO2 mixture to alcohols and hydrocarbons by hydrogenation under the influence of the water-gas shift reaction, a thermodynamic consideration

Guo, S., Wang, H., Qin, Z., Zhi-kai, L. I., Guo-fu, W. A. N. G., Dong, M., Fan, W., & Jian-guo, W. A. N. G. (2023) · Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology · doi:10.1016/s1872-5813(23)60346-9 · Cited by 24

Synthetic Fuels in a Transport Transition: Fuels to Prevent a Transport Underclass

Styring, P., Duckworth, E. L., & Platt, E. G. (2021) · Frontiers in Energy Research · doi:10.3389/fenrg.2021.707867 · Cited by 23

Green synthesis of microspherical-confined nano-Pd/In2O3 integrated with H-ZSM-5 as bifunctional catalyst for CO2 hydrogenation into dimethyl ether: A carbonized alginate templating strategy

Tan, K. B., Tian, P., Zhang, X., Tian, J., Zhan, G., Huang, J., & Li, Q. (2022) · Separation and Purification Technology · doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121559 · Cited by 23

Dimethyl ether synthesis from CO2 hydrogenation over hybrid catalysts: effects of preparation methods

Kornas, A., Grabowski, R., Śliwa, M., Samson, K., Ruggiero‐Mikołajczyk, M., & Żelazny, A. (2017) · Reaction Kinetics Mechanisms and Catalysis · doi:10.1007/s11144-017-1153-7 · Cited by 22

Performance analysis of hybrid catalytic conversion of CO2 to DiMethyl ether

Godini, H. R., Kumar, S. R., Tadikamalla, N., & Gallucci, F. (2021) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.11.073 · Cited by 22

Prototype Catalytic Membrane Reactor for Dimethyl Ether Synthesis via CO 2 Hydrogenation

Dong, Q., Xu, W. L., Fan, X. L., Li, H., Klinghoffer, N. B., Pyrzynski, T. J., Meyer, H. S., Liang, X., Yu, M., & Li, S. (2022) · Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research · doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.2c02851 · Cited by 22

Catalytic activity of Cu–Zn–Al–Mn admixed with gamma-alumina for the synthesis of DME from syngas: manganese effect or just method of preparation?

Palgunadi, J., Yati, I., & Jung, K. (2010) · Reaction Kinetics Mechanisms and Catalysis · doi:10.1007/s11144-010-0205-z · Cited by 21

Effect of the content of CO2 and H2 in the feed on the conversion of CO2 in the direct synthesis of dimethyl ether over a CuO ZnO Al2O3/SAPO-18 catalyst

Ateka, A., Ereña, J., Pérez-Uriarte, P., Aguayo, A. T., & Bilbao, J. (2017) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.09.104 · Cited by 21

Strategies for improving CO2 utilization in microchannel enabled production of dimethyl ether

Tozar, U., & Avci, A. K. (2020) · Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification · doi:10.1016/j.cep.2020.107914 · Cited by 21

Dimethyl ether (DME) synthesis from CO2 and H2 through ethanol-assisted methanol synthesis and methanol dehydration

Kriprasertkul, W., Witoon, T., & Kim‐Lohsoontorn, P. (2022) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.07.212 · Cited by 21

CO 2 hydrogenation to dimethyl ether over In 2 O 3 catalysts supported on aluminosilicate halloysite nanotubes

Pechenkin, A. A., Потемкин, Д. И., Badmaev, S. D., Smirnova, E. M., Cherednichenko, K. A., Vinokurov, V. A., & Glotov, A. P. (2021) · Green Processing and Synthesis · doi:10.1515/gps-2021-0058 · Cited by 19

Direct synthesis of dimethyl ether from CO 2 hydrogenation over a highly active, selective and stable catalyst containing Cu–ZnO–Al 2 O 3 /Al–Zr(1 : 1)-SBA-15

Mondal, U., & Yadav, G. D. (2022) · Reaction Chemistry & Engineering · doi:10.1039/d2re00025c · Cited by 19

Hydrogenation of CO2 to dimethyl ether over nanosized WOx-ZrO2/Cu-ZnO-ZrO2 catalysts

Hussain, A., Lin, K., Mdlovu, N. V., & Wang, H. P. (2022) · Journal of environmental chemical engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jece.2023.109908 · Cited by 19

Latest Advances in the Catalytic Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol/Dimethylether

Arena, F., Mezzatesta, G., Spadaro, L., & Trunfio, G. (2014) · Green chemistry and sustainable technology · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-44988-8_5 · Cited by 18

Effective conversion of CO2 to methanol and dimethyl ether over hybrid catalysts

Jun, K., Jung, M., Rao, K. S. R., Choi, M., & Lee, K.-W. (1998) · Studies in surface science and catalysis · doi:10.1016/s0167-2991(98)80792-1 · Cited by 18

Effectiveness of the 3D-printing procedure in the synthesis of hybrid catalysts for the direct hydrogenation of CO2 into dimethyl ether

Bonura, G., Todaro, S., Middelkoop, V., Vos, Y. D., Abbenhuis, H. C. L., Gerritsen, G., Koekkoek, A. J. J., Cannilla, C., & Frusteri, F. (2023) · Journal of CO2 Utilization · doi:10.1016/j.jcou.2023.102458 · Cited by 18

Advances in Catalysts and Processes for Methanol Synthesis from CO2

Centi, G., & Perathoner, S. (2013) · Green energy and technology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-5119-7_9 · Cited by 17

Effects of precursor phase distribution on the performance of Cu-based catalysts for direct CO2 conversion to dimethyl ether

Xia, S., Gong, J., Yin, J. Z., Zhao, Z., Tang, F., Guo, X., & Liu, P. (2023) · Journal of the Energy Institute · doi:10.1016/j.joei.2023.101302 · Cited by 17

Influence of LPG and DME Composition on Spark Ignition Engine Performance

Fabiś, P., & Flekiewicz, B. (2021) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en14175583 · Cited by 16

Exergetic Analysis of DME Synthesis from CO2 and Renewable Hydrogen

Falco, M. D., Natrella, G., Capocelli, M., Popielak, P., Sołtysik, M., Wawrzyńczak, D., & Majchrzak‐Kucęba, I. (2022) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en15103516 · Cited by 16

CO2 valorisation to methane on highly stable iron impregnated ceria-zirconia based 3D-printed catalyst

Biswas, S., Kundu, C., Ng, W. L., Samudrala, S. P., Jarvis, T., Giddey, S. S., & Bhattacharya, S. (2023) · Journal of CO2 Utilization · doi:10.1016/j.jcou.2023.102501 · Cited by 16

Continuous supercritical hydrothermal synthesis of stabilized ZrO2 nanocomposites: Doping mechanism of typical metals and transition elements

Liu, L., Wang, S., Jiang, G., Liu, H., Yang, J., & Li, Y. (2024) · Materials Today Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.mtchem.2024.101902 · Cited by 16

The role of the acidity of alumina prepared by aluminum-carbon black composite for CO hydrogenation to dimethyl ether on hybrid Cu–ZnO–Al2O3/alumina

Ham, H., Jeong, M.-H., Koo, H.-M., Chung, C., & Bae, J. W. (2015) · Reaction Kinetics Mechanisms and Catalysis · doi:10.1007/s11144-015-0879-3 · Cited by 15

Structure–performance correlations in the hybrid oxide-supported copper–zinc SAPO-34 catalysts for direct synthesis of dimethyl ether from CO2

Navarro‐Jaén, S., Virginie, M., Thuriot-Roukos, J., Wojcieszak, R., & Khodakov, A. Y. (2022) · Journal of Materials Science · doi:10.1007/s10853-022-06890-w · Cited by 15

Effect of Exhaust Gas Recirculation on the Combustion and Emissions of Dimethyl Ether in a Passenger Vehicle Diesel Engine

Roh, H. G., Park, S., & Lee, C. S. (2018) · Journal of Energy Engineering · doi:10.1061/(asce)ey.1943-7897.0000575 · Cited by 14

Effect of Particle Size on the Hybrid Catalyst Activity for Slurry Phase Dimethyl Ether Synthesis

Jia, G., Ma, H., Tan, Y., & Han, Y. (2005) · Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research · doi:10.1021/ie049385a · Cited by 13

Application of dimethyl ether to arcjet thruster as propellant

Kakami, A., Yokote, J., Ebara, I., & Tachibana, T. (2008) · Vacuum · doi:10.1016/j.vacuum.2008.03.022 · Cited by 13

Dimethyl Ether Synthesis from Syngas over the Admixed Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 Catalyst and Alkaline Earth Oxide‐Modified HZSM‐5 Zeolite

Mao, D., & Guo, X. (2014) · Energy Technology · doi:10.1002/ente.201402071 · Cited by 12

PdZn on ZSM-5 nanoparticles for CO2 hydrogenation to dimethyl ether: comparative in situ analysis with Pd/TiO2 and PdZn/TiO2

Bahruji, H., Razak, S. A., Mahadi, A. H., Prasetyoko, D., Sholeha, N. A., & Jiao, Y. (2022) · Reaction Kinetics Mechanisms and Catalysis · doi:10.1007/s11144-022-02307-6 · Cited by 12

Renewable methanol from CO2 over Cu/Zn/Zr/Si oxide catalysts promoted with Mg, Ce, or La

Atzori, L., Lai, S., Cutrufello, M. G., Ferrara, F., Pettinau, A., Mureddu, M., & Rombi, E. (2023) · Journal of Porous Materials · doi:10.1007/s10934-023-01511-6 · Cited by 12

Combined methanol and dimethyl ether synthesis from CO/H2: Phosphorus mediated deactivation

Montesano, R., & CHADWICK, D. H. (2012) · Catalysis Communications · doi:10.1016/j.catcom.2012.09.031 · Cited by 11

CO 2 Hydrogenation over Copper-Based Hybrid Catalysts for the Synthesis of Oxygenates

Ihm, S., Bаеk, S.-W., Park, Y., & Jeon, J. (2003) · ACS symposium series · doi:10.1021/bk-2003-0852.ch012 · Cited by 11

Investigating the role of promoters (Ga, Nb, La, and Mg) on In2O3-based catalysts: Advancing on CO2 hydrogenation to C5+ hydrocarbons

Ferraz, C. P., Tavares, M., Bordini, L. F., Garcia, M. A. S., de Almeida, J. M. A. R., Sousa‐Aguiar, E. F., & Romano, P. N. (2023) · Fuel · doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2023.130234 · Cited by 11

Conversion of Carbon Dioxide into Formaldehyde

Nguyen, T. D., Tran, T. V., Singh, S., Phuong, P. T. T., Bạch, L. G., Nanda, S., & Vo, D. N. (2019) · Environmental chemistry for a sustainable world · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-28638-5_6 · Cited by 10

Enhancing DMC Production from CO2: Tuning Oxygen Vacancies and In Situ Water Removal

Wang, K., Li, S., Yu, M., & Liang, X. (2024) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en17040839 · Cited by 10

Application of dual descriptor to understand the activity of C u/Z r O 2 catalysts in the water gas shift reaction

Cerón, M. L., & Calatayud, M. (2017) · Journal of Molecular Modeling · doi:10.1007/s00894-016-3183-x · Cited by 9

Performance of Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 Catalysts Prepared by Sol–Gel Methods on Methanol Steam Reforming

Li, Y., Luo, C., & Su, Q. (2023) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en16237803 · Cited by 8

Study of combustion and emission characteristics of turbocharged diesel engine fuelled with dimethylether

Wu, J., Huang, Z., Qiao, X., Lu, J., Zhang, J., & Zhang, L. (2007) · Frontiers of Energy and Power Engineering in China · doi:10.1007/s11708-008-0002-9 · Cited by 7

Effect of Modified Zeolite on One-Step Process of DME Synthesis

Xu, Q. ‐., Lan, P., Zhang, S.-P., Li, T.-C., & Yan, Y. (2011) · Petroleum Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/10916460903117552 · Cited by 7

Steering the Aspects of MgO-Induced Structure Sensitivity in Cu-Based Catalysts for CO2-Rich Syngas Conversion to Dimethyl Ether: Cu/Zn Ratio and Lattice Parameters

Asthana, S., Samanta, C., Saha, B., Voolapalli, R. K., & Pant, K. K. (2022) · Energy & Fuels · doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.1c03945 · Cited by 7

Effect of a Second Promoter on the Performance of a Potassium Doped Silica-Supported Cobalt Catalyst During CO2 Hydrogenation to Hydrocarbons

Iloy, R. A., Jalama, K., & Khangale, P. (2024) · Catalysis Letters · doi:10.1007/s10562-023-04527-4 · Cited by 7

Thermodynamic Study Regarding the Use of Dimethylether as Eco-Refrigerant

Apostol, V. G., Popescu, G., Vasilescu, E. E., Marinescu, C. A., & Alionte, C. G. (2009) · Cited by 6

Kinetic Modeling of the Direct Dimethyl Ether (DME) Synthesis over Hybrid Multi-Site Catalysts

D’Ambrosio, A., Bertino, A., Todaro, S., Santoro, M., Cannilla, C., Frusteri, F., Bonura, G., Mazzeo, L., & Piemonte, V. (2024) · Catalysts · doi:10.3390/catal14010061 · Cited by 6

Research Progress on the Effects of Support and Support Modification on the FTO Reaction Performance of Fe-Based Catalysts

Wen, Y., Zhou, C., Yu, L., Zhang, Q., He, W., & Liu, Q. (2023) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules28237749 · Cited by 5

Synthesis of Syngas into Dimethyl Ether Using Cu-Zn-Al/-Alumina Bifunctional Catalyst as an Environmentally Friendly Fuel for Substituting Liquified Petroleum Gas

Lourentius, S. (2022) · EKUILIBIUM · doi:10.20961/equilibrium.v5i2.58479 · Cited by 4

Use of Dimethyl Ether in Technologies for Enhancing the Oil Recovery from Reservoirs (A Review)

Петрухина, Н. Н., & Maximov, A. L. (2023) · Petroleum Chemistry · doi:10.1134/s0965544123020019 · Cited by 4

A Review of DME Manufacturing: Process and Catalyst Studies

Pamungkas, W. A., Budiman, A. W., Inayati, I., Margono, M., Sembodo, B. S. T., Mersitarini, D., Ardyatna, D., & Mahendra, I. (2024) · E3S Web of Conferences · doi:10.1051/e3sconf/202448101002 · Cited by 3

Hydrogenation of Co2 to Dimethyl Ether Over Wox-Zro2/Cu-Zno-Zro2 Catalyst SPreprint

Lin, K.-S., Hussain, A., Mdlovu, N. V., et al. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4230053 · Cited by 1

Biofuels, E-Fuels, and Waste-Derived Fuels: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions

Yılbaşı, Z. (2025) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su17136145 · Cited by 41

High-Pressure and Low-Temperature CO2 Hydrogenation to DME over an Oxalate-Derived Bifunctional Catalyst: In Situ Synchrotron-FTIR Analysis

Ebrahimian, S., Vongsvivut, J. P., Williams, T., & Bhattacharya, S. (2025) · Energy & Fuels · doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c01966 · Cited by 3

One-pot synthesis of mesoporous NiCe/Al2O3 catalysts for enhanced carbon dioxide methanation performance

Feng, Y., Liu, Y., Yu, X.-T., Liu, J., & Yang, W. (2025) · Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.cjche.2025.09.027 · Cited by 2

Emerging Trends in Catalyst Design for the Conversion of CO2 to Dimethyl Ether

Hassan, M. M., Yigitoglu, B., Khan, W. U., Musa, M. T., Islam, M. N., Quddus, M. R., & Hossain, M. M. (2025) · Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering · doi:10.1007/s13369-025-10980-7 · Cited by 1

Unveiling the Structure–Performance Relationship: The Regulatory Role of Alumina Crystal Phase on Advanced CO 2 Conversion to Dimethyl Ether

Ma, X., Wang, J., Geng, H., Tan, M., Kong, X., Zhang, L., Wang, X. M., Huang, L., Shang, T., Li, Y., et al. (2026) · Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research · doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.6c00980 · Cited by 1

Perspective on CO2 Hydrogenation for Dimethyl Ether Economy

Liu, C., & Liu, Z. (2022) · Catalysts · doi:10.3390/catal12111375 · Cited by 33

Recent advances in Cu-based catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation to dimethyl ether

Chen, X., Su, T., Luo, X., Xie, X., & Qin, Z. (2026) · Academia Catalysis · doi:10.20935/acadcatal8330

Emerging Trends in Catalyst Design for the Conversion of CO2 to Dimethyl Ether

Hassan, M. M., Yigitoglu, B., Khan, W. U., Musa, M. T., Islam, M. N., Quddus, M. R., & Hossain, M. M. (2025) · Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering · doi:10.1007/s13369-025-10980-7 · Cited by 1

The Development of Zeolite‐Based Catalysts for CO2 Hydrogenation to Dimethyl Ether

Xue, Z., & Yan, W. (2025) · Carbon and Hydrogen · doi:10.1002/cbh2.70006 · Cited by 14

Progress in synthesis of dimethyl ether by CO_2 hydrogenation

Jian-bin, Z. (2009) · Applied Chemical Industry