Production Efficiency of Advanced Liquid Biofuels: Prospects and Challenges
Open accessAbstract
Renewable sources are becoming more critical in light of global warming and the recent energy crisis. As a renewable energy source, biofuels may play an essential role in this process, especially in the transport sector. Advanced biofuels provide a great opportunity, as their potential feedstocks do not compete with food production. Based on a systematic literature review, this study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the prospects and challenges of advanced liquid biofuels. Out of the identified 508 articles, 188 were abstract-screened, providing 67 articles for in-depth screening. Finally, 57 articles were reviewed. Although advanced biofuels are not yet economically viable, it is evident that every step of the production process can be optimized. Moreover, technological advancements, such as the use of novel catalysts and co-catalysts, nanotechnology, and genetic and metabolic engineering, offer great opportunities for enhanced production efficiency, which is key for their production to be profitable.
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Key obstacles currently hindering commercialization of 4G biofuels include the need to improve production process productivity and robustness, achieve cost reductions through economies of scale and technological maturation, ensure consistent biofuel performance and quality meeting market specifications, and navigate complex regulatory landscapes and public perception.
“Key obstacles currently hindering commercialization includes the need to improve production process productivity and robustness, achieve cost reductions through economies of scale and technological maturation, ensure consistent biofuel performance and quality meeting market specifications, and navigate complex regulatory landscapes and public perception [175,176,179].”
From Biofuels, E-Fuels, and Waste-Derived Fuels: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions (2025) · cites this paper as [175]
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSignificant technical, logistical, and economic challenges must be overcome for 4G biofuels to transition from research to widespread commercial feasibility, including issues related to process scalability, feedstock consistency, and system integration.
“However, significant technical, logistical, and economic challenges must be overcome for 4G biofuels to transition from research to widespread commercial feasibility, including issues related to process scalability, feedstock consistency, and system integration [72,175,176].”
From Biofuels, E-Fuels, and Waste-Derived Fuels: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions (2025) · cites this paper as [175]
Section 4.3 says fourth-generation biofuels remain in research and development and must resolve low yields, high costs, and technical limitations before becoming economically feasible. It also identifies a need to scale up biobutanol production. The copy does not identify feedstock consistency or system integration as fourth-generation barriers; its discussion of feedstock variability concerns second-generation fuels. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredCurrently, 5-G biofuel concepts are predominantly in the very early research and conceptual development phases, are at very low Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs), and face a long road to potential viability, with significant breakthroughs required in fundamental science and engineering merely to demonstrate technical feasibility.
“Currently, 5-G biofuel concepts are predominantly in the very early research and conceptual development phases, are currently at very low Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs), and face a long road to potential viability, with significant breakthroughs required in fundamental science and engineering merely to demonstrate technical feasibility, let alone to progress towards becoming practical”
From Biofuels, E-Fuels, and Waste-Derived Fuels: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions (2025) · cites this paper as [175]
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAchieving cost-competitiveness of advanced liquid biofuels relative to fossil fuels remains a key challenge influenced by processing costs and efficiency.
“Advanced liquid biofuels may offer supplementary advantages, potentially including reduced pollutant emissions compared to fossil fuels [43], which is significant for mitigating the climate impact of the transportation sector, although achieving costcompetitiveness relative to fossil fuels remains a key challenge influenced by processing costs and efficiency [171,175].”
From Biofuels, E-Fuels, and Waste-Derived Fuels: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions (2025) · cites this paper as [175]
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- Authors
- Mizik, T., Igbeghe, C. B., & Deák, Z.
- Affiliations
- Corvinus University of Budapest (HU)
- University of Debrecen (HU)
- Obuda University (HU)
- Corresponding author
- Mizik, Tamás
- Venue
- Energies
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2025-02-19
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1008
- ISSN
- 1996-1073 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4407743207
- Cited by
- 7
- References
- 79
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 2
- FWCI
- 1.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Energies (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Corvinus Research Archive (Corvinus University of Budapest) (acceptedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Biofuel production and bioconversion
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Catalysis for Biomass Conversion
- Keywords
- advanced biofuels, liquid biofuels, production efficiency, non-edible feedstock, transportation fuels, renewable energy, nanotechnology, genetic engineering, metabolic engineering, economic feasibility
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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