Review on Urban Forests and Trees as Nature-Based Solutions over 5 Years
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As human living environments face increasing challenges with resilience, the concept of nature-based solutions (NBS) was proposed in recent years as a way to promote sustainable living in urban environments. Urban forests and trees play important roles in urban ecosystems, while their potential as an NBS is promising. A bibliometric analysis was first conducted to explore the research pattern of NBS in urban environments. Studies of urban forest and tree-based green infrastructure in NBS research were further investigated using a systematic literature review method. The initial studies on NBS have increased since 2015 with 493 documents published from 142 sources in over 70 countries and regions. Keyword analysis showed green infrastructure had a rather high frequency of utility and received considerable attention. As for urban forests as nature-based solutions (UF-NBS) research, the most prominent study approaches used at different scales and the main benefits and typologies of urban forest studied in the articles were identified. UF-NBS research is still relatively scarce at present. Despite the role of urban forest and trees in addressing environmental challenges being well recognized, UF-NBS studies still need to be conducted in a more comprehensive context, taking social and economic aspects into account.
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NbS research epicenters are mainly in Europe and the United States.
“NbS research epicenters are mainly in Europe and the United States (25, 33, 35).”
From Global synthesis and regional insights for mainstreaming urban nature-based solutions (2025) · cites this paper as [35]
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Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Miller, R.W.; Hauer, R.; Werner, L.; Konijnendijk, B.C. The History of Trees in the City. In The Routledge Handbook of Urban Forestry; Routledge: Oxford, UK, 2017.
- Miller, R.W.; Hauer, R.; Werner, L. Urban Forestry Planning and Managing Urban Greenspaces, 3rd ed.; Waveland Press: Long Grove, IL, USA, 2015; p. 560.
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- Authors
- Kong, X., Zhang, X., Xu, C., & Hauer, R. J.
- Affiliations
- Beijing Forestry University (CN)
- University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point (US)
- Corresponding author
- Zhang, Xinna
- Hauer, Richard J.
- Venue
- Forests
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2021-10-25
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1453
- ISSN
- 1999-4907 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3209071188
- Cited by
- 37
- References
- 108
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3
- FWCI
- 4.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Forests (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (BLX201704)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (31901277)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law › Urban Arborization and Environmental Studies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Urban Green Space and Health
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Land Use and Ecosystem Services
- Keywords
- urban forests, urban trees, nature-based solutions, green infrastructure, urban ecosystems, urban resilience, urban sustainability, research trends
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