Structuring Reference Architectures for the Industrial Internet of Things
Open accessAbstract
The ongoing digital transformation has the potential to revolutionize nearly all industrial manufacturing processes. However, its concrete requirements and implications are still not sufficiently investigated. In order to establish a common understanding, a multitude of initiatives have published guidelines, reference frameworks and specifications, all intending to promote their particular interpretation of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). As a result of the inconsistent use of terminology, heterogeneous structures and proposed processes, an opaque landscape has been created. The consequence is that both new users and experienced experts can hardly manage to get an overview of the amount of information and publications, and make decisions on what is best to use and to adopt. This work contributes to the state of the art by providing a structured analysis of existing reference frameworks, their classifications and the concerns they target. We supply alignments of shared concepts, identify gaps and give a structured mapping of regarded concerns at each part of the respective reference architectures. Furthermore, the linking of relevant industry standards and technologies to the architectures allows a more effective search for specifications and guidelines and supports the direct technology adoption.
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Nakagawa et al. found that RAMI4.0 and IIRA appear over ten times more frequently in scientific work than other relevant architectures.
“Addressing the state of the art and future trends of Industry 4.0 reference architectures, Nakagawa et al. [113] have pointed out the popularity of RAMI4.0 and IIRA, whose appearance in scientific work is over ten times more frequent in comparison to other relevant architectures in their research.”
From SCADA Systems With Focus on Continuous Manufacturing and Steel Industry: A Survey on Architectures, Standards, Challenges and Industry 5.0 (2022) · cites this paper as [113]
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- Authors
- Bader, S. R., Maleshkova, M., & Lohmann, S.
- Affiliations
- Fraunhofer Institute for Intelligent Analysis and Information Systems (DE)
- University of Bonn (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Bader, Sebastian R.
- Maleshkova, Maria
- Venue
- Future Internet
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2019-07-08
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 151
- ISSN
- 1999-5903 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2954164815
- Cited by
- 64
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 8
- FWCI
- 7.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Future Internet (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Publikationsdatenbank der Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (01IS17031)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering › Digital Transformation in Industry
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering › Flexible and Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
- Keywords
- Industrial Internet of Things, reference architecture, reference framework, digital transformation, manufacturing industry, terminology, industry standards, technology adoption
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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