The DOI matches its Crossref record; 30 of the 31 references it cites were found in a registry or an index, and 1 are not checked yet.
Assessment of Electromagnetic Interference with Active Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Devices (CIEDs) Caused by the Qi A13 Design Wireless Charging Board
Open accessAbstract
Electromagnetic interference is a concern for people wearing cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). The aim of this study was to assess the electromagnetic compatibility between CIEDs and the magnetic field of a common wireless charging technology. To do so the voltage induced in CIEDs by Qi A13 design magnetic fields were measured and compared with the performance limits set by ISO 14117. In order to carry this out a measuring circuit was developed which can be connected with unipolar or bipolar pacemaker leads. The measuring system was positioned at the four most common implantation sites in a torso phantom filled with physiological saline solution. The phantom was exposed by using Helmholtz coils from 5 µT to 27 µT with 111 kHz sine‑bursts or by using a Qi A13 design wireless charging board (Qi‑A13‑Board) in two operating modes “power transfer” and “pinging”. With the Helmholtz coils the lowest magnetic flux density at which the performance limit was exceeded is 11 µT. With the Qi‑A13‑Board in power transfer mode 10.8% and in pinging mode 45.7% (2.2% at 10 cm distance) of the performance limit were reached at maximum. In neither of the scrutinized cases, did the voltage induced by the Qi‑A13‑Board exceed the performance limits.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Wireless charging methods like inductive coupling can cause electromagnetic interference (EMI) with RF-based data transmission, disrupting communication integrity.
“Wireless charging methods like inductive coupling, while efficient for power delivery, can cause electromagnetic interference (EMI) with RF-based data transmission, disrupting communication integrity (Seckler et al., 2015; Driessen et al., 2019; Nadeem et al., 2021).”
From Comparative analysis of energy transfer mechanisms for neural implants (2024) · cites this paper as Seckler et al., 2015
The Introduction (page not provided) says Qi charging uses inductive coupling and that its magnetic field can interfere with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices by inducing voltages mistaken for cardiac signals. The paper does not report interference with RF-based data transmission or disrupted communication integrity; a search for those terms found no supporting passage. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
GUIDELINES FOR LIMITING EXPOSURE TO TIME-VARYING ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS (1 Hz TO 100 kHz)
International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (2010) · Health Physics · doi:10.1097/hp.0b013e3181f06c86 · Cited by 2,167
Lin, J., Saunders, R. A., Schulmeister, K., Söderberg, P. G., Stuck, B. E., Swerdlow, A. J., Taki, M., Veyret, B., Ziegelberger, G., Repacholi, M. H., et al. (2010) · HAL · Cited by 1,261
Mond, H. G., & Proclemer, A. (2011) · Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1540-8159.2011.03150.x · Cited by 992
Herbertz, J. (1998) · PubMed · Cited by 597
(2005) · IEEE Standards · doi:10.1109/ieeestd.2006.99501 · Cited by 305
Assessing Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields From Wireless Power Transmission Systems
Christ, A., Douglas, M. G., Nadakuduti, J., & Kuster, N. (2013) · Proceedings of the IEEE · doi:10.1109/jproc.2013.2245851 · Cited by 173
Irnich, W. E. (1984) · Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1540-8159.1984.tb05655.x · Cited by 128
McIvor, M. E., Reddinger, J., FLODEN, E., SHEPPARD, R. C., JOHNSON, D., Becker, G., & Mayotte, M. J. (1998) · Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1540-8159.1998.tb00002.x · Cited by 110
Electronic Security Systems and Active Implantable Medical Devices
Irnich, W. E. (2002) · Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology · doi:10.1046/j.1460-9592.2002.01235.x · Cited by 103
Seidman, S. J., Brockman, R. G., Lewis, B., Guag, J. W., Shein, M. J., Clement, W. J., Kippola, J., Digby, D., Barber, C., & Huntwork, D. (2009) · Heart Rhythm · doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2009.09.071 · Cited by 98
Toivonen, L. K., Valjus, J., Hongisto, M., & METSO, R. (1991) · Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1540-8159.1991.tb06482.x · Cited by 72
Tiikkaja, M., Aro, A. L., Alanko, T., Lindholm, H. J., Sistonen, H. J., Hartikainen, J. E. K., Toivonen, L. K., Juutilainen, J., & Hietanen, M. (2012) · EP Europace · doi:10.1093/europace/eus345 · Cited by 65
Arribas, F., Auricchio, A., Wolpert, C., Merkely, B. P., Merino, J. L., Boriani, G., van der Velde, E. T., Camm, A. J., & Vardas, P. E. (2012) · EP Europace · doi:10.1093/europace/eus256 · Cited by 58
Pacemaker interference by magnetic fields at power line frequencies
Dawson, T. W., Caputa, K., Stuchly, M. A., Shepard, R. B., Kavet, R. I., & Sastre, A. (2002) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/10.983460 · Cited by 58
Man, K. C., Davidson, T., Langberg, J. J., Morady, F., & KALBFLEISGH, S. J. (1993) · Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1540-8159.1993.tb01049.x · Cited by 48
Seidman, S. J., Ruggera, P. S., Brockman, R. G., Lewis, B., & Shein, M. J. (2007) · International Journal of Radio Frequency Identification Technology and Applications · doi:10.1504/ijrfita.2007.015848 · Cited by 31
Tiikkaja, M., Alanko, T., Lindholm, H. J., Hietanen, M., Hartikainen, J. E. K., & Toivonen, L. K. (2012) · Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology · doi:10.1007/s10840-011-9651-4 · Cited by 26
Setups forin vitroassessment of RFID interference on pacemakers
Mattei, E., Censi, F., Delogu, A., Ferrara, A., & Calcagnini, G. (2013) · Physics in Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1088/0031-9155/58/15/5301 · Cited by 16
Babouri, A., Hedjeidj, A., & Guendouz, L. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing · doi:10.1007/s10877-008-9157-5 · Cited by 12
Gustrau, F., Bahr, A., Goltz, S., & Eggert, S. (2002) · Biomedizinische Technik/Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1515/bmte.2002.47.s1b.656 · Cited by 12
Interference of low frequency magnetic fields with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators
Tiikkaja, M., Alanko, T., Lindholm, H. J., Hietanen, M., Toivonen, L. K., & Hartikainen, J. E. K. (2012) · Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal · doi:10.3109/14017431.2012.716525 · Cited by 11
Futatsumori, S., Kawamura, Y., Hikage, T., Nojima, T., Koike, B., Fujimoto, H., & Toyoshima, T. (2009) · Journal of Arrhythmia · doi:10.1016/s1880-4276(09)80013-6 · Cited by 11
Akhtar, M. S., Bhat, T., Tantray, M., Lafferty, C., Faisal, S., Teli, S., Bhat, H. A., Raza, M. R., Khalid, M., & Biekht, S. (2014) · Clinical Medicine Insights Cardiology · doi:10.4137/cmc.s10990 · Cited by 8
Determination of the interference voltage in implantable medical devices with bipolar electrodes
Hille, S., Eichhorn, K. F., & Gonschorek, K. (2008) · International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility - EMC Europe (EMC Europe) · doi:10.1109/emceurope.2008.4786875 · Cited by 7
Andretzko, J.-P., Hedjiedj, A., & Guendouz, L. (2008) · Physiological Measurement · doi:10.1088/0967-3334/29/9/009 · Cited by 6
Interference voltage and interference threshold in pacemakers with unipolar and bipolar electrodes
Hille, S., Eichhorn, K. F., & Gonschorek, K. (2009) · IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility · doi:10.1109/isemc.2009.5284567 · Cited by 6
Mattei, E., Censi, F., Mancini, M., Napolitano, A., Genovese, E., Cannatà, V., Burriesci, G., Falsaperla, R., & Calcagnini, G. (2014) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/embc.2014.6943734 · Cited by 5
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Shon, A., Chu, J., Jung, J., Kim, H., & Youn, I. (2017) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s18010001 · Cited by 320
Xiao, C., Wei, K., Cheng, D., & Liu, Y. (2016) · IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics · doi:10.1109/tie.2016.2645142 · Cited by 85
Driessen, S., Napp, A., Schmiedchen, K., Kraus, T., & Stunder, D. (2019) · EP Europace · doi:10.1093/europace/euy155 · Cited by 76
Self-citationHuman Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields from Parallel Wireless Power Transfer Systems
Wen, F., & Huang, X. (2017) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph14020157 · Cited by 52
Magnetic interference on cardiac implantable electronic devices from apple iPhone MagSafe technology
Nadeem, F., Nunez Garcia, A., Thach Tran, C., & Wu, M. (2021) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.121.020818 · Cited by 42
MXene-enabled textile-based energy grid utilizing wireless charging
Inman, A., Mohammadlou, B. S., Shevchuk, K., FitzPatrick, J., Park, J. W., Pacik-Nelson, N., Roslyk, I., Gallo, E. M., Garg, R., Vitale, F., et al. (2024) · Materials Today · doi:10.1016/j.mattod.2024.10.008 · Cited by 22
Comparative analysis of energy transfer mechanisms for neural implants
Miziev, S., Pawlak, W. A., & Howard, N. (2024) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2023.1320441 · Cited by 21
Pacemaker Lead Coupling With an Automotive Wireless Power Transfer System
Campi, T., Cruciani, S., Maradei, F., & Feliziani, M. (2019) · IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility · doi:10.1109/temc.2019.2906328 · Cited by 17
Wireless Charging in Electric Vehicles: EMI/EMC Risk Mitigation in Pacemakers by Active Coils
Cruciani, S., Campi, T., Maradei, F., & Feliziani, M. (2019) · IEEE PELS Workshop on Emerging Technologies: Wireless Power Transfer · doi:10.1109/wow45936.2019.9030634 · Cited by 17
Khan, S. R., Mugisha, A. J., Tsiamis, A., & Mitra, S. (2022) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s22103635 · Cited by 16
iPhone 12 MagSafe technology and cardiac implantable devices: Assessment of the actual risk
Censi, F., Mattei, E., Onder, G., & Calcagnini, G. (2022) · Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology · doi:10.1111/pace.14450 · Cited by 14
Napp, A., Kolb, C., Lennerz, C., Bauer, W., Schulz‐Menger, J., Kraus, T., Marx, N., & Stunder, D. (2019) · Der Kardiologe · doi:10.1007/s12181-019-0335-0 · Cited by 7
Self-citationTesting immunity of active implantable medical devices to industrial magnetic field environments
Hammen, L., Pichon, L., Bihan, Y. L., Bensetti, M., & Fleury, G. (2022) · International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility - EMC Europe (EMC Europe) · doi:10.1109/emceurope51680.2022.9901281 · Cited by 7
Cheikh, M., Vassilieff, Y., Fortes, A., Benbouhout, R., & Foligne, H. (2017) · Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium - Fall (PIERS-Fall) · doi:10.1109/piers-fall.2017.8293288 · Cited by 6
Zhou, M., Kourtiche, D., Claudel, J., Deschamps, F., Magne, I., Roth, P., Schmitt, P., & Nadi, M. (2024) · Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express · doi:10.1088/2057-1976/ad567e · Cited by 3
Ellis, C. R., & King, N. E. (2022) · Journal of Innovations in Cardiac Rhythm Management · doi:10.19102/icrm.2022.130706 · Cited by 2
Elektromagnetische Interferenzen
Nowak, B., PRZIBILLE, O., & Napp, A. (2022) · Herzschrittmachertherapie + Elektrophysiologie · doi:10.1007/s00399-022-00875-7 · Cited by 2
Ohta, H., Honda, M., & Takamiya, M. (2016) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/embc.2016.7591369
Zhou, M., Kourtiche, D., Claudel, J., Nadi, M., Roth, P., Magne, I., & Deschamps, F. (2024) · Radioprotection · doi:10.1051/radiopro/2024060
Metadata
- Authors
- Seckler, T., Jagielski, K., & Stunder, D.
- Affiliations
- RWTH Aachen University (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Seckler, Tobias
- ORCID
- Jagielski, Kai
- Venue
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2015-05-27
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 5886-5904
- ISSN
- 1660-4601 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4483677
- OpenAlex
- W2129526957
- Cited by
- 21
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2024: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 1 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 0.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ELARTU (Ternopil National Technical University) (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- RWTH Publications (RWTH Aachen) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- RWTH Publications (RWTH Aachen)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Wireless Power Transfer Systems
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac pacing and defibrillation studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biophysics › Electromagnetic Fields and Biological Effects
- Keywords
- electromagnetic interference, cardiac implantable electronic devices, wireless charging, electromagnetic compatibility, pacemaker leads, induced voltage, magnetic field exposure, Helmholtz coil, torso phantom
- MeSH terms
- Electromagnetic Fields, Equipment Design, Humans, Pacemaker, Artificial, Risk Assessment, Equipment Failure Analysis, Wireless Technology
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
