Heavy Physical Work: Cardiovascular Load in Male Construction Workers
Open accessAbstract
This study aimed to elucidate cardiovascular loads (CVL) in construction workers during work and leisure by relative heart rate (RHR) over several days. Furthermore, we sought to evaluate the level of CVL in relation to individual factors, work ability, musculoskeletal pain and subjective general health. From a group of 255 construction workers responding to the baseline questionnaire, the CVL during work and leisure time was determined by recording RHR in 42 workers over 3–4 days. Almost 60% of the workday was spent below 20% RHR. The mean RHR during work for all participants was 16% RHR, with large differences between professions. On average, the 42 workers spent 14% of the workday at a RHR above 33%, and four subjects (10%) had a mean RHR above 33% during work. Eight (19%) of the participants had a mean length of their workday exceeding calculated maximal acceptable work time. Seven persons (17%) experienced on average one or more episode(s) of 5 min or more continuously above 33% RHR. The cardiovascular load at work was significantly associated with age and V ˙O2max, but not with work ability, musculoskeletal pain or subjective general health.
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Workers who lift and transport heavy loads are highly susceptible to MSDs.
“trabajadores que levantan y transportan cargas pesadas, son altamente susceptibles a MSDs [28], [29].”
From Impact of ergonomics on work performance in the manufacturing industry: A systematic review (2025) · cites this paper as [28]
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Age-predicted maximal heart rate revisited
Tanaka, H., Monahan, K. D., & Seals, D. R. (2001) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(00)01054-8 · Cited by 3,775 · cited 6× · see citing works
“The relative HR (RHR or % of HR reserve) takes HRmin into account by subtracting HRmin from the HR measured during work and from HRmax.”
MethodInfluentialAhlstrom, L., Grimby-Ekman, A., Hagberg, M., & Dellve, L. (2010) · Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health · doi:10.5271/sjweh.2917 · Cited by 622 · see citing works
Brage, S., Brage, N., Ekelund, U., Luan, J., Franks, P. W., Froberg, K., & Wareham, N. J. (2006) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-005-0112-6 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
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Impact of ergonomics on work performance in the manufacturing industry: A systematic review
Campos-Naval, J. E., Castañeda-López, V. A., & Aparicio-Ballena, J. A. (2025) · Proceedings of the 23rd LACCEI International Multi-Conference for Engineering, Education and Technology (LACCEI): "Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, and Sustainable Technologies in service of society" · doi:10.18687/laccei2025.1.1.802
- Authors
- Lunde, L.-K., Koch, M., Veiersted, K., Moen, G.-H., Wærsted, M., & Knardahl, S.
- Affiliations
- National Institute of Occupational Health (NO)
- Oslo University Hospital (NO)
- Corresponding author
- Lunde, Lars-Kristian
- Venue
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2016-03-23
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 356
- ISSN
- 1660-4601 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4847018
- OpenAlex
- W2311334693
- Cited by
- 49
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 9.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- BIBSYS Brage (BIBSYS (Norway)) (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Norges Forskningsråd (218358)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Occupational Therapy › Occupational Health and Safety in Workplaces
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Workplace Health and Well-being
- Keywords
- cardiovascular load, construction workers, heavy physical work, maximal heart rate, VO2max, work ability, musculoskeletal pain, self-rated health, occupational physical activity, leisure-time physical activity
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Heart Rate, Humans, Leisure Activities, Male, Middle Aged, Occupations, Surveys and Questionnaires, Work, Workload, Construction Industry
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