Influence of Gender on Associations of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Symptoms with Chronic Conditions and Quality of Life
Open accessAbstract
Women are less likely than men to be diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). We examined contemporary gender differences in symptoms, health status, and quality of life associated with diagnosed OSA and OSA symptoms in a population-based sample. A 2015 postal/on-line questionnaire of 2889 active participants of The North West Adelaide Health Study (response rate = 54%, male n = 704; female n = 856; age 30–100 years) assessed previously diagnosed OSA, OSA symptoms, insomnia, doctor-diagnosed medical conditions, and the SF-36. In weighted analyses, self-reported diagnosed OSA (men: 12.6%, n = 95; women: 3.3%, n = 27) and OSA symptoms (men: 17.1%; women: 9.7%) were more common in men. Diagnosed OSA showed stronger adjusted associations with typical OSA features in women, including obesity (women-odds ratio (OR), 95% CI: 5.7, 1.9–17.1, men: 2.2, 1.2–4.0), daytime sleepiness (women: 6.4, 2.7–15.6, men: 3.3, 2.1–5.4), and loud snoring (women: 25.4, 9.4–69.1, men: 8.7, 5.2–14.4). Diagnosed OSA was independently associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in men, and in women with high cholesterol, respiratory disease, insomnia, and reduced SF-36 Physical Component Summary score. In both sexes, OSA symptoms were significantly associated with depression, insomnia, and moderate to severe impairments in SF-36 physical and mental component summary scores. Diagnosed women showed clinical characteristics overtly related to OSA. A higher index of clinical suspicion of OSA may be required in women for a condition regarded as male-predominant to increase equity in health outcomes.
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Reliance on the single historical OSA profile does not represent all OSA sufferers.
“reliance on this single profile clearly does not represent all OSA sufferers [26,27,28].”
From Co-morbid insomnia and sleep apnea (COMISA): Prevalence, consequences, methodological considerations, and recent randomized controlled trials (2019) · cites this paper as [28]
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“(22) reported that males were more likely to be obese than females and were thus at a higher risk of developing both LPR and OSA.”
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- Authors
- Appleton, S., Gill, T., Taylor, A., McEvoy, D., Shi, Z., Hill, C., Reynolds, A., & Adams, R.
- Affiliations
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital (AU)
- The University of Adelaide (AU)
- Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health, A Flinders Centre of Excellence, College of Medicine & Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park 5042 SA, Australia
- Central Queensland University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Appleton, Sarah
- Venue
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2018-05-07
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 930
- ISSN
- 1660-4601 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5981969
- OpenAlex
- W2801086019
- Cited by
- 42
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 3.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Acquire (CQUniversity) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
- Keywords
- obstructive sleep apnea, gender differences, quality of life, cardiovascular disease, obesity, daytime sleepiness, snoring, insomnia, depression, chronic disease, SF-36, North West Adelaide Health Study, underdiagnosis in women
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cardiovascular Diseases, Chronic Disease, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Quality of Life, Sex Factors, Snoring, Odds Ratio, Sleep Apnea, Obstructive, Self Report
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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