Relationship between Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Depressive Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-Analysis
Open accessAbstract
Previous studies have suggested an association between secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and risk of depressive symptoms. However, it remains unclear whether there is a dose–response relationship. The effect estimates were pooled using fixed-effect or random-effect models based on homogeneity analysis. The dose–response meta-analysis was performed by linear and non-linear regression. Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore the possible sources of heterogeneity. Twenty-four studies were included in this meta-analysis. SHS exposure was significantly associated with increased odds of depressive symptoms (odds ratio (OR) = 1.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25–1.39). For SHS exposure expressed as an ordinal variable, the dose–response meta-analysis revealed a monotonically increasing relationship between SHS exposure and depressive symptoms. A similar dose–response relationship was observed for SHS exposure expressed as a continuous variable (OR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.26–1.87). Our findings suggest that SHS exposure is associated with increasing odds of depressive symptoms in a dose–response manner.
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Childhood second-hand smoking exposure is associated with non-significantly higher risk of subsequent depressive symptoms (OR=1.51, 95% CI 0.93-2.09).
“Those exposed to second-hand smoking were at non-significantly higher risk of subsequent depressive symptoms (OR=1.51, 95% CI: 0.93-2.09, I²=0%).”
From A meta-review of "lifestyle psychiatry": the role of exercise, smoking, diet and sleep in the prevention and treatment of mental disorders (2020) · cites this paper as [44]
Results §3.2 reports higher odds of depressive symptoms with secondhand-smoke exposure, but its overall estimate is significant (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.25–1.39; I² 72.6%). The passages do not report the claimed OR 1.51, CI 0.93–2.09, or I² 0%, nor do they establish that estimate for childhood exposure and subsequent symptoms. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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- Authors
- Han, C., Liu, Y., Gong, X., Ye, X., & Zhou, J.
- Affiliations
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Ye, Xiaohua
- Zhou, Junli
- Venue
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2019-04-15
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1356
- ISSN
- 1660-4601 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6518001
- OpenAlex
- W2937558079
- Cited by
- 35
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4
- FWCI
- 0.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- the Medical Scientific Research Foundation of Guangdong Province, China (No. A2017036)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Keywords
- passive smoking, depressive symptoms, depression, dose-response relationship
- MeSH terms
- Depression, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Humans, Risk Factors, Tobacco Smoke Pollution, Prevalence
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