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Microplastics in Food: A Review on Analytical Methods and Challenges
Open accessAbstract
Human exposure to microplastics contained in food has become a significant concern owing to the increasing accumulation of microplastics in the environment. In this paper, we summarize the presence of microplastics in food and the analytical methods used for isolation and identification of microplastics. Although a large number of studies on seafood such as fish and shellfish exist, estimating the overall human exposure to microplastics via food consumption is difficult owing to the lack of studies on other food items. Analytical methods still need to be optimized for appropriate recovery of microplastics in various food matrices, rendering a quantitative comparison of different studies challenging. In addition, microplastics could be added or removed from ingredients during processing or cooking. Thus, research on processed food is crucial to estimate the contribution of food to overall human microplastic consumption and to mitigate this exposure in the future.
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![Figure 1 Fractions of plastic materials identified in seafood and salt. Data from References [11,14,15,21,24,29,30,34,39,40,45,47,48,50,51,52,62,71,74,75,76,77,78,80,81,86,90,91,95,96,98,99]. (PE: polyethylene, PP: polypropylene, PS: polystyrene, PET: polyethylene terephthalate, PA: polyacrylate).](/paper-figures/05b175261ad043cdafe10a3091e9c18f/microplastics-in-food-a-review-on-analytical-methods-and-challenges-figure-1.jpg)
![Figure 2 Boxplot of microplastic fibers including filaments in different food items representing 5, 25, 50, 75, and 95 percentile values. Filled circles indicate outliers. Data from References [14,23,24,25,29,30,31,32,38,39,40,45,47,48,50,52,62,68,71,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,94,95,96,97,98,99].](/paper-figures/3d7c4d77fb654742b8305fa9e15b07ac/microplastics-in-food-a-review-on-analytical-methods-and-challenges-figure-2.jpg)
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“most studies looking at environmental samples are constrained by methods that detect larger particles (e.g., LODs of spectroscopy are generally >10μm),71 many laboratory studies testing effects look at smaller particles.72”
From Microplastics and Anthropogenic Particles in Recreationally Caught Freshwater Fish from an Urbanized Region of the North American Great Lakes (2024) · cites this paper as [72]
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1 retracted
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Metadata
- Authors
- Kwon, J.-H., Kim, J.-W., Pham, T. D., Tarafdar, A., Hong, S., Chun, S.-H., Lee, S.-H., Kang, D.-Y., Kim, J.-Y., Kim, S.-B., & Jung, J.
- Affiliations
- Korea University (KR)
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- FITI Testing & Research Institute, Cheongju 28116, Korea
- Korea Institute of Analytical Science and Technology, Seoul 04790, Korea
- Corresponding author
- Kwon, Jung-Hwan
- Venue
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2020-09-15
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 18
- Pages
- 6710
- ISSN
- 1660-4601 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7559051
- OpenAlex
- W3084664411
- Cited by
- 308
- References
- 140
- Citations by year
- 2026: 49 · 2025: 67 · 2024: 97 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 1.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (20162MFDS029)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Microplastics and Plastic Pollution
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Analytical Chemistry › Analytical chemistry methods development
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
- Keywords
- microplastics, food contamination, human exposure, seafood, analytical methods, food processing, cooking, processed foods
- MeSH terms
- Microplastics, Animals, Environmental Monitoring, Humans, Plastics, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, Seafood
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