The DOI matches its Crossref record; 102 of the 104 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Medical, Health and Wellness Tourism Research—A Review of the Literature (1970–2020) and Research Agenda
Open accessAbstract
Medical, health and wellness tourism and travel represent a dynamic and rapidly growing multi-disciplinary economic activity and field of knowledge. This research responds to earlier calls to integrate research on travel medicine and tourism. It critically reviews the literature published on these topics over a 50-year period (1970 to 2020) using CiteSpace software. Some 802 articles were gathered and analyzed from major databases including the Web of Science and Scopus. Markets (demand and behavior), destinations (development and promotion), and development environments (policies and impacts) emerged as the main three research themes in medical-health-wellness tourism. Medical-health-wellness tourism will integrate with other care sectors and become more embedded in policy-making related to sustainable development, especially with regards to quality of life initiatives. A future research agenda for medical-health-tourism is discussed.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Figures
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Tourists with the push motivation may perceive the high value of health and wellness tourism [13,42].”
From Health and Wellness Tourists’ Motivation and Behavior Intention: The Role of Perceived Value (2023) · cites this paper as [13]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“The pull motivation of travelers also may positively influence their perceived value of health and wellness tourism [13,37].”
From Health and Wellness Tourists’ Motivation and Behavior Intention: The Role of Perceived Value (2023) · cites this paper as [13]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Chen, C. (2005) · Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology · doi:10.1002/asi.20317 · Cited by 6,883
The structure and dynamics of cocitation clusters: A multiple‐perspective cocitation analysis
Chen, C., Ibekwe-Sanjuan, F., & Hou, J. (2010) · Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology · doi:10.1002/asi.21309 · Cited by 1,679
Medical tourism: Sea, sun, sand and … surgery
Connell, J. (2006) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2005.11.005 · Cited by 1,110
Contemporary medical tourism: Conceptualisation, culture and commodification
Connell, J. (2012) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2012.05.009 · Cited by 717
Han, H., & Hyun, S. S. (2014) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2014.06.003 · Cited by 696
Mueller, H., & Kaufmann, E. L. (2001) · Journal of Vacation Marketing · doi:10.1177/135676670100700101 · Cited by 674
Impact of online WOM on destination trust and intention to travel: A medical tourism perspective
Abubakar, A. M., & İlkan, M. (2016) · Journal of Destination Marketing & Management · doi:10.1016/j.jdmm.2015.12.005 · Cited by 567
Medical tourism: Assessing the evidence on treatment abroad
Lunt, N. T., & Carrera, P. M. (2010) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2010.01.017 · Cited by 393
What is known about the patient's experience of medical tourism? A scoping review
Crooks, V. A., Kingsbury, P. T., Snyder, J., & Johnston, R. (2010) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/1472-6963-10-266 · Cited by 348
Medical tourism today: What is the state of existing knowledge?
Hopkins, L., Labonté, R., Runnels, V., & Packer, C. (2010) · Journal of Public Health Policy · doi:10.1057/jphp.2010.10 · Cited by 345
Yu, J. Y., & Ko, T. G. (2011) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2011.02.002 · Cited by 314
Pocock, N. S., & Phua, K. H. (2011) · Globalization and Health · doi:10.1186/1744-8603-7-12 · Cited by 305
Patients without Borders: The Emergence of Medical Tourism
de Arellano, A. B. R. (2007) · International Journal of Health Services · doi:10.2190/4857-468g-2325-47uu · Cited by 305
The medical tourism index: Scale development and validation
Fetscherin, M., & Stephano, R.-M. (2015) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2015.08.010 · Cited by 299
Crooks, V. A., Turner, L., Snyder, J., Johnston, R., & Kingsbury, P. (2011) · Social Science & Medicine (1967) · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.12.022 · Cited by 250
Why do medical tourists travel to where they do? The role of networks in determining medical travel
Hanefeld, J., Lunt, N. T., Smith, R., & Horsfall, D. (2014) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.05.016 · Cited by 186
The effects of medical tourism: Thailand’s experience
NaRanong, A., & NaRanong, V. (2011) · Bulletin of the World Health Organization · doi:10.2471/blt.09.072249 · Cited by 169
Moghavvemi, S., Ormond, M., Musa, G., Isa, C. R., Thirumoorthi, T., Mustapha, M. Z., Kanapathy, K., & Chandy, J. J. C. (2016) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2016.10.010 · Cited by 168
Hanefeld, J., Smith, R., Horsfall, D., & Lunt, N. T. (2014) · Journal of Travel Medicine · doi:10.1111/jtm.12147 · Cited by 160
The antecedents and outcomes of the medical tourism supply chain
Lee, H. K., & Fernando, Y. (2014) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2014.06.014 · Cited by 152
Cormany, D., & Baloğlu, Ş. (2010) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2010.02.008 · Cited by 147
Medical visas mark growth of Indian medical tourism
Chinai, R. (2007) · Bulletin of the World Health Organization · doi:10.2471/blt.07.010307 · Cited by 145
Ormond, M., & Sulianti, D. (2014) · Current Issues in Tourism · doi:10.1080/13683500.2014.937324 · Cited by 145
Turner, L. G. (2010) · International Journal of Health Services · doi:10.2190/hs.40.3.d · Cited by 145
Chen, L. H., & Wilson, M. E. (2013) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/cit540 · Cited by 144
Value as a medical tourism driver
Wang, H. (2012) · Managing Service Quality · doi:10.1108/09604521211281387 · Cited by 131
Medical Innovation Versus Stem Cell Tourism
Lindvall, O., & Hyun, I. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1171749 · Cited by 129
Access, Choice and Travel: Implications for Health Policy
Exworthy, M., & Peckham, S. (2006) · Social Policy and Administration · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9515.2006.00489.x · Cited by 125
Medical Tourism Experience: Conceptualization, Scale Development, and Validation
Ghosh, T., & Mandal, S. (2018) · Journal of Travel Research · doi:10.1177/0047287518813469 · Cited by 119
Penney, K., Snyder, J., Crooks, V. A., & Johnston, R. (2011) · BMC Medical Ethics · doi:10.1186/1472-6939-12-17 · Cited by 118
Factors influencing Chinese tourists’ intentions to use the Taiwan Medical Travel App
Chang, I., Chou, P.-C., Yeh, R. K.-J., & Tseng, H. (2015) · Telematics and Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.tele.2015.09.007 · Cited by 117
Wellness tourism: a perspective article
Kazakov, S., & Oyner, O. (2020) · Tourism Review · doi:10.1108/tr-05-2019-0154 · Cited by 114
Natural Resources in Health Tourism: A Systematic Literature Review
Pessot, E., Spoladore, D., Zangiacomi, A., & Sacco, M. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su13052661 · Cited by 113
Moghimehfar, F., & Nasr‐Esfahani, M. H. (2011) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2011.01.005 · Cited by 110
Medical tourism and reproductive outsourcing: the dawning of a new paradigm for healthcare.
Jones, C. A., & Lg, K. (2007) · PubMed · Cited by 105
Patients without Borders: Understanding Medical Travel
Whittaker, A. M., Manderson, L. H., & Cartwright, E. J. (2010) · Medical Anthropology · doi:10.1080/01459740.2010.501318 · Cited by 104
Wellness tourism and spatial stigma: A case study of Bama, China
Wang, K., Xu, H., & Huang, L. (2019) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2019.104039 · Cited by 99
Medical Tourism: The Ethics, Regulation and Marketing of Health Mobility
Hartwell, H. J. (2014) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2014.04.001 · Cited by 95
An Integrated Behavioral Model for Medical Tourism: An American Perspective
Chaulagain, S., Pizam, A., & Wang, Y. (2020) · Journal of Travel Research · doi:10.1177/0047287520907681 · Cited by 91
Turner, L. G. (2012) · Developing World Bioethics · doi:10.1111/j.1471-8847.2012.00320.x · Cited by 89
A new inequality? Privatisation, urban bias, migration and medical tourism
Connell, J. (2011) · Asia Pacific Viewpoint · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8373.2011.01454.x · Cited by 88
Why do patients engage in medical tourism?
Runnels, V., & Carrera, P. (2012) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2012.08.011 · Cited by 85
Wellness tourism: customer-perceived value on customer engagement
Xie, L., Guan, X., He, Y., & Huan, T.-C. (2022) · Tourism Review · doi:10.1108/tr-06-2020-0281 · Cited by 76
Wellness: A New Mode of tourism
Koncul, N. (2012) · Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja · doi:10.1080/1331677x.2012.11517521 · Cited by 74
Zhang, Q., Zhang, H., & Xu, H. (2021) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113951 · Cited by 74
Sayılı, M., Akça, H., Duman, T., & Esengün, K. (2006) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2006.08.010 · Cited by 73
Market size, market share and market strategy: three myths of medical tourism
Lunt, N. T., Horsfall, D., Smith, R. A., Exworthy, M., Holloway, R., Hanefeld, J., & Mannion, R. (2013) · Policy & Politics · doi:10.1332/030557312x655918 · Cited by 71
Introduction of OXA-48-producing Enterobacteriaceae to Israeli hospitals by medical tourism
Adler, A., Shklyar, M., Schwaber, M. J., Navon‐Venezia, S., Dhaher, Y., Edgar, R., Solter, E., Benenson, S., Masarwa, S., & Carmeli, Y. (2011) · Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy · doi:10.1093/jac/dkr382 · Cited by 71
Medical Tourism: Revenue Generation or International Transfer of Healthcare Problems?
Vijaya, R. M. (2010) · Journal of Economic Issues · doi:10.2753/jei0021-3624440103 · Cited by 70
Exploring the factors influencing the travel motivations of US medical tourists
Singh, N. (2012) · Current Issues in Tourism · doi:10.1080/13683500.2012.695341 · Cited by 68
Wellness hotel: Conceptualization, scale development, and validation
Chi, C. G.-Q., Chi, O. H., & Ouyang, Z. (2019) · International Journal of Hospitality Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2019.102404 · Cited by 67
THE PROBLEMATIZATION OF MEDICAL TOURISM: A CRITIQUE OF NEOLIBERALISM
Smith, K. W. (2012) · Developing World Bioethics · doi:10.1111/j.1471-8847.2012.00318.x · Cited by 65
The Moderating Effect of Medical Travel Facilitators in Medical Tourism
Mohamad, W. N., Omar, A., & Haron, M. S. (2012) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.11.134 · Cited by 62
Globalization of Health Care Delivery in the United States through Medical Tourism
Kumar, S., Breuing, R., & Chahal, R. (2011) · Journal of Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10810730.2011.585699 · Cited by 62
Stem-cell experts raise concerns about medical tourism
Barclay, E. (2009) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)60529-8 · Cited by 60
Enzensberger, H. M. (1996) · New German Critique · doi:10.2307/3108667 · Cited by 57
Medical tourism: emerging biosecurity and nosocomial issues
Hall, C. M., & James, M. (2011) · Tourism Review · doi:10.1108/16605371111127288 · Cited by 54
Medical travel facilitators: connecting patients and providers in a globalized world
Dalstrom, M. (2013) · Anthropology and Medicine · doi:10.1080/13648470.2012.747592 · Cited by 54
Baltic Health Tourism: Uniqueness and Commonalities
Smith, M. (2015) · Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism · doi:10.1080/15022250.2015.1024819 · Cited by 53
Snyder, J., Crooks, V. A., Turner, L. G., & Johnston, R. (2013) · International Journal for Equity in Health · doi:10.1186/1475-9276-12-2 · Cited by 53
Thai wellness tourism and quality: comparison between Chinese and American visitors’ behaviors
Han, H., Kiatkawsin, K., Koo, B., & Kim, W. (2020) · Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research · doi:10.1080/10941665.2020.1737551 · Cited by 51
Characteristics of a Medical Tourism Industry: The Case of South Korea
Yu, J., Lee, T. J., & Noh, H. (2011) · Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing · doi:10.1080/10548408.2011.623052 · Cited by 50
Beyond "medical tourism": Canadian companies marketing medical travel
Turner, L. G. (2012) · Globalization and Health · doi:10.1186/1744-8603-8-16 · Cited by 50
Bjerke, R., & Polegato, R. (2006) · Psychology and Marketing · doi:10.1002/mar.20137 · Cited by 47
Medical Hotel in the Growth of Global Medical Tourism
Han, H., & Hyun, S. S. (2014) · Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing · doi:10.1080/10548408.2013.876955 · Cited by 47
Lee, H., Wright, K. B., O’Connor, M., & Wombacher, K. (2013) · Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10410236.2013.794412 · Cited by 43
Martínez-Álvarez, M., Chanda, R., & Smith, R. D. (2011) · Globalization and Health · doi:10.1186/1744-8603-7-11 · Cited by 42
HOW TO REGULATE MEDICAL TOURISM (AND WHY IT MATTERS FOR BIOETHICS)
Cohen, I. G. (2012) · Developing World Bioethics · doi:10.1111/j.1471-8847.2012.00317.x · Cited by 41
Johnston, R., Crooks, V. A., & Ormond, M. (2015) · Globalization and Health · doi:10.1186/s12992-015-0113-0 · Cited by 38
An, D. (2013) · Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research · doi:10.1080/10941665.2013.840659 · Cited by 35
Salehi-Esfahani, S., Ridderstaat, J. R., & Ozturk, A. B. (2020) · Current Issues in Tourism · doi:10.1080/13683500.2020.1724081 · Cited by 34
Evans, R. W. (2008) · American Journal of Transplantation · doi:10.1111/j.1600-6143.2008.02213.x · Cited by 33
Narratives of emotion and anxiety in medical tourism: onState of the HeartandLarry's Kidney
Kingsbury, P. T., Crooks, V. A., Snyder, J., Johnston, R., & Adams, K. (2012) · Social & Cultural Geography · doi:10.1080/14649365.2012.683807 · Cited by 30
Medical tourism in india: perceptions of physicians in tertiary care hospitals
Qadeer, I., & Reddy, S. (2013) · Philosophy Ethics and Humanities in Medicine · doi:10.1186/1747-5341-8-20 · Cited by 30
How Medical Tourism Enables Preferential Access to Care: Four Patterns from the Canadian Context
Snyder, J., Johnston, R., Crooks, V. A., Morgan, J., & Adams, K. (2016) · Health Care Analysis · doi:10.1007/s10728-015-0312-0 · Cited by 30
Exploring the cultural contradictions of medical tourism
Perfetto, R., & Dholakia, N. (2010) · Consumption Markets & Culture · doi:10.1080/10253866.2010.502417 · Cited by 29
Imison, M., & Schweinsberg, S. (2013) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-109 · Cited by 29
Gupta, V., & Das, P. (2012) · Clinics in Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.cll.2012.04.007 · Cited by 26
Crooks, V. A., Cameron, K., Chouinard, V., Johnston, R., Snyder, J., & Casey, V. (2012) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/1472-6963-12-417 · Cited by 25
Understanding the concept of Wellness for the Future of the Tourism Industry: literature review
Stará, J., & Peterson, C. (2017) · Cited by 25
Rouland, B., & Jarraya, M. (2019) · Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies · doi:10.1080/1369183x.2019.1597475 · Cited by 24
Lwin, H. N. N., Punnakitikashem, P., & Thananusak, T. (2021) · Cogent Business & Management · doi:10.1080/23311975.2021.1898316 · Cited by 24
Uçak, H. (2016) · SpringerPlus · doi:10.1186/s40064-016-3341-8 · Cited by 23
Raising concern about the information provided on medical travel agency websites: A place for policy
Maguire, Á., Bussmann, S., zu Köcker, C. M., Verra, S. E., Giurgi, L. A., & Ruggeri, K. (2016) · Health Policy and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.hlpt.2016.07.001 · Cited by 22
Medical Tourism in Iran, Reevaluation on the New Trends: A Narrative Review
Rokni, L., & Park, S.-H. (2020) · Iranian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.18502/ijph.v48i7.2941 · Cited by 21
Soft power and nation rebranding
Li, E. P. H., Min, H. J., & Lee, S. (2020) · International Marketing Review · doi:10.1108/imr-01-2019-0053 · Cited by 21
“The Major Forces that Need to Back Medical Tourism Were … in Alignment”
Johnston, R., Crooks, V. A., Snyder, J., & Whitmore, R. (2015) · International Journal of Health Services · doi:10.1177/0020731414568512 · Cited by 17
Dental health, ‘dental tourism’ and travellers
Leggat, P. A., & Kedjarune, U. (2009) · Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease · doi:10.1016/j.tmaid.2009.02.001 · Cited by 16
Margolis, R. H. F., Ludi, E. K., Pao, M., & Wiener, L. S. (2013) · Social Work in Health Care · doi:10.1080/00981389.2013.798391 · Cited by 16
The International Patient's Portfolio and Marketing of Turkish Health Tourism
Altın, U., Bektaş, G., Antep, Z., & İrban, A. (2012) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.1080 · Cited by 15
Birth Tourism Among Chinese Women
Jaramillo, J. C., Goyal, D., & Lung, C. (2019) · MCN The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing · doi:10.1097/nmc.0000000000000500 · Cited by 15
Healthcare: From Good to Exceptional Governance
Tabish, S. A., & Tabish, S. A. (2012) · Cited by 13
Looking Over the Fence—How Travel Medicine Can Benefit From Tourism Research: Table 1
Bauer, I. L. (2015) · Journal of Travel Medicine · doi:10.1111/jtm.12197 · Cited by 12
Johnston, R., Adams, K., Bishop, L., Crooks, V. A., & Snyder, J. (2015) · International Journal for Equity in Health · doi:10.1186/s12939-015-0147-1 · Cited by 12
Medical tourism – a potential growth factor in infection medicine and public health
Green, S. T. (2008) · Journal of Infection · doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2008.09.016 · Cited by 11
Stem Cell Tourism and The Role of Health Professional Organizations
Crozier, G. K. D., & Thomsen, K. (2010) · The American Journal of Bioethics · doi:10.1080/15265161003702873 · Cited by 10
Corrigendum to: Aesthetic journeys: a review of cosmetic surgery tourism
Pereira, R. T., Malone, C. M., & Flaherty, G. T. (2018) · Journal of Travel Medicine · doi:10.1093/jtm/tay051 · Cited by 7
The Principles of Designing Hospital Hotel with the Approach of Health Tourism in Kish Island
Kazemha, A. S., & Dehkordi, K. S. (2017) · Journal of History Culture and Art Research · doi:10.7596/taksad.v6i1.758 · Cited by 6
Thermal Spring Health Tourism in Albania: Challenges and Perspectives
Gambarov, V., & Gjinika, H. (2017) · Springer proceedings in business and economics · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-47732-9_30 · Cited by 5
The Impact of Corruption on the Performance Management of European Health Systems
Beşciu, C. D. (2016) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 2
Travel Medicine in Turkey: Current State and Implications for the Future
Yaman, H. (2006) · Journal of Travel Medicine · doi:10.2310/7060.2003.30693 · Cited by 1
IT STRATEGIES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF HEALTH TOURISM
Farahmand, A. A., & Merati, E. (2016) · The Turkish Online Journal of Design Art and Communication · doi:10.7456/1060jse/076 · Cited by 1
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Nikezic, 2012, Improvement of spa tourism in the Republic of Serbia as a pattern of positive impact on ecology and regional development, Tech. Technol. Educ. Manag.-TTEM, 7, 920
- Miles, M.B., Huberman, A.M., Huberman, M.A., and Huberman, M. (1994). Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook, SAGE.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Health and Wellness Tourists’ Motivation and Behavior Intention: The Role of Perceived Value
Gan, T., Zheng, J., Li, W., Li, J., & Shen, J. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20054339 · Cited by 69
“Recently, health and wellness tourism has been developing, especially in China, possibly due to the relaxation of COVID-19 prevention and control restrictions [2,8,13].”
BackgroundInfluentialLee, J., & Kim, J.-J. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20021063 · Cited by 82
Tourism as a Tool in Nature-Based Mental Health: Progress and Prospects Post-Pandemic
Buckley, R., & Cooper, M. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192013112 · Cited by 73
Dang, Q., Luo, Z., Ouyang, C., & Wang, L. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182413008 · Cited by 65
Baby boomers and their growing interest in spa and wellness tourism
Patterson, I., & Balderas-Cejudo, A. (2022) · International Journal of Spa and Wellness · doi:10.1080/24721735.2022.2107801 · Cited by 38
Metadata
- Authors
- Zhong, L., Deng, B., Morrison, A. M., Coca-Stefaniak, J. A., & Yang, L.
- Affiliations
- Beijing International Studies University (CN)
- University of Greenwich (GB)
- Greenwich Business School, Old Royal Naval College, University of Greenwich, London SE10 9SL, UK
- Corresponding author
- Morrison, Alastair M.
- Venue
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2021-10-16
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 20
- Pages
- 10875
- ISSN
- 1660-4601 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8536053
- OpenAlex
- W3205968825
- Cited by
- 151
- References
- 104
- Citations by year
- 2026: 41 · 2025: 43 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 3.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Greenwich Academic Literature Archive (University of Greenwich) (acceptedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (71673015)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management › Global Healthcare and Medical Tourism
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management › Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research
- Social Sciences › Demography › Migration, Aging, and Tourism Studies
- Keywords
- medical tourism, wellness tourism, travel medicine, destination development, tourism policy, sustainable development, quality of life, research agenda
- MeSH terms
- Tourism, Quality of Life, Bibliometrics, Medical Tourism, Policy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
