Prevalence, risk factors and burnout levels in intensive care unit nurses: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
Nursing is considered to be an at-risk profession of burnout due to daily exposure to difficult situations such as death and pain care. In addition, some units such as the intensive care unit (ICU), can be stressful due to high levels of morbidity and mortality and ethical dilemmas. Burnout causes a deterioration in quality of care, increasing the risk of mortality in patients due to poor performance and errors in the healthcare environment. The aim of this study was to analyse the levels, prevalence and related factors of burnout in ICU nurses. A systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out in the Medline, Scopus and CINAHL databases. Fifteen articles were found for the systematic review and four for the meta-analysis. With a sample of n = 1986 nurses, the meta-analytic estimate prevalence for high emotional exhaustion was 31% (95% CI, 8–59%), for high depersonalization was 18% (95% CI, 8–30%), and for low personal accomplishment was 46% (95% CI, 20–74%). Within the dimensions of burnout, emotional exhaustion had a significant relationship with depression and personality factors. Both sociodemographic factors (being younger, single marital status, and having less professional experience in ICU) and working conditions (workload and working longer hours) influence the risk of burnout syndrome.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Approximately half of physicians and nurses in the US report significant burnout symptoms in the form of high emotional exhaustion, high depersonalization, and/or a low sense of personal accomplishment.
“According to most recent studies, approximately half of physicians and nurses in the US report significant burnout symptoms in the form of high emotional exhaustion, high depersonalization, and/or a low sense of personal accomplishment.3-5”
From What do we really know about addressing burnout among healthcare workers? Maybe less than we think (2026) · cites this paper as [4]
The Introduction (page not provided) identifies high emotional exhaustion, high depersonalization, and low personal accomplishment as indicators of burnout. The paper’s meta-analytic estimates, however, concern ICU nurses and are 31%, 18%, and 46% for those dimensions, respectively. It does not establish that approximately half of US physicians and nurses report burnout symptoms. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredEmotional exhaustion is closely related to levels of depressive symptomatology, especially in the early stages of the pandemic.
“According to the existing literature, emotional exhaustion is closely related to levels of depressive symptomatology, especially in the early stages of the pandemic (49, 52).”
From Evolution of burnout syndrome in Spanish healthcare professionals during and after the COVID-19 pandemic: psychosocial variables involved (2025) · cites this paper as [52]
The Results (§3.3) say emotional exhaustion was significantly related to depression among ICU nurses, and the Conclusions (§5) repeat that finding. The paper does not establish that this relationship was especially pronounced in the early stages of the pandemic. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPrevious studies relate cognitive fusion and depression to emotional exhaustion, and low levels of resilience with burnout.
“This is consistent with previous studies that relate cognitive fusion (54) and depression (49, 52) to emotional exhaustion, and low levels of resilience with burnout (55, 56).”
From Evolution of burnout syndrome in Spanish healthcare professionals during and after the COVID-19 pandemic: psychosocial variables involved (2025) · cites this paper as [52]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., et al. (2021) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.n71 · Cited by 108,283 · see citing works
Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2001) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.397 · Cited by 12,852 · see citing works
Freudenberger, H. J. (1974) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1974.tb00706.x · Cited by 5,463 · see citing works
Healthcare staff wellbeing, burnout, and patient safety: a systematic review
Hall, L. H., Johnson, J., Watt, I., Tsipa, A., & O’Connor, D. B. (2016) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0159015 · Cited by 1,683 · see citing works
Salvagioni, D. A. J., Melanda, F. N., Mesas, A. E., González, A. D., Gabani, F. L., & Andrade, S. M. D. (2017) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0185781 · Cited by 1,508 · see citing works
Adriaenssens, J., Gucht, V. D., & Stan Maes, A. (2014) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2014.11.004 · Cited by 792 · see citing works
Preventing occupational stress in healthcare workers
Ruotsalainen, J. H., Verbeek, J. H. A. M., Mariné, A., & Serra, C. (2015) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd002892.pub5 · Cited by 627 · see citing works
Preventing occupational stress in healthcare workers
Marine, A., Ruotsalainen, J. H., Serra, C., & Verbeek, J. H. (2006) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd002892.pub2 · Cited by 499 · see citing works
Hämmig, O. (2018) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-018-3556-1 · Cited by 330 · see citing works
Moloney, W., Boxall, P., Parsons, M., & Cheung, G. (2018) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.13497 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Koinis, A., Giannou, V., Drantaki, V., Angelaina, S., Stratou, E., & Saridi, M. I. (2015) · Health Psychology Research · doi:10.4081/hpr.2015.1984 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Moss, M. M., Good, V. S., Gozal, D., Kleinpell, R. M., & Sessler, C. N. (2016) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000001885 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Prevalence of burnout in paediatric nurses: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Pradas‐Hernández, L., Ariza, T., Gómez‐Urquiza, J. L., Albendín‐García, L., la Fuente, E. I. D., & la Fuente, G. A. C. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0195039 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Self-citationLópez‐López, I. M., Gómez‐Urquiza, J. L., Cañadas, G. R., De la Fuente, E. I., Albendín‐García, L., & Cañadas‐De la Fuente, G. A. (2019) · International Journal of Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/inm.12606 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Self-citationRudman, A., Gustavsson, P. J., & Hultell, D. (2013) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2013.09.012 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Zhang, L.-F., You, L.-M., Liu, K., Zheng, J., Fang, J.-B., Lu, M.-M., Lv, A.-L., Ma, W.-G., Wang, J., Wang, S.-H., et al. (2014) · Nursing Outlook · doi:10.1016/j.outlook.2013.10.010 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Preventing occupational stress in healthcare workers
Ruotsalainen, J. H., Verbeek, J. H. A. M., Mariné, A., & Serra, C. (2014) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd002892.pub3 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Suleiman‐Martos, N., Gomez‐Urquiza, J. L., Aguayo‐Estremera, R., Cañadas‐De La Fuente, G. A., De La Fuente‐Solana, E. I., & Albendín‐García, L. (2020) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.14318 · Cited by 217 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Thus, it is essential to provide interventions to improve mental health and promote coping strategies [52,53].”
BackgroundSelf-citationBurnout and health among critical care professionals: The mediational role of resilience
Arrogante, Ó., & Aparicio-Zaldívar, E. G. (2017) · Intensive and Critical Care Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.iccn.2017.04.010 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Burnout syndrome and its prevalence in primary care nursing: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Monsalve-Reyes, C. S., Costas, C. S. L., Gómez‐Urquiza, J. L., Albendín‐García, L., Aguayo‐Estremera, R., & la Fuente, G. A. C. (2018) · BMC Family Practice · doi:10.1186/s12875-018-0748-z · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Self-citationPrevalence of burnout syndrome in oncology nursing: A meta‐analytic study
la Fuente, G. A. C., Gómez‐Urquiza, J. L., Ortega‐Campos, E., Cañadas, G. R., Albendín‐García, L., & Fuente-Solana, E. I. D. L. (2018) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.4632 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Self-citationBurnout and depressive symptoms in intensive care nurses: relationship analysis
de Vasconcelos, E. M., Martino, M. M. F. D., & França, S. P. D. S. (2017) · Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem · doi:10.1590/0034-7167-2016-0019 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Teles, M. A. B., Barbosa, M. R., Vargas, A. M. D., Gomes, V. E., Ferreira, E. F. E., Martins, A. M. E. D. B. L., & Ferreira, R. C. (2014) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/1477-7525-12-72 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
The role of aggressions suffered by healthcare workers as predictors of burnout
Gascón, S., Leiter, M. P., Andres, E. M., Germán, M. Á. S., Pereira, J. P., Cunha, M. J., Cartagena, A. A., Montero‐Marín, J., García‐Campayo, J., & Martínez‐Jarreta, B. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2012.04255.x · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Kim, H. S., & Yeom, H.-A. (2018) · Intensive and Critical Care Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.iccn.2017.11.005 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Bakhamis, L., Paul, D. P., Smith, H., & Coustasse, A. (2019) · The Health Care Manager · doi:10.1097/hcm.0000000000000243 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Burnout syndrome in nurses working in palliative care units: An analysis of associated factors
Baeza, M. R., Mendiola-Infante, S. V., Sepehri, A., Palazón‐Bru, A., Gil-Guillén, V. F., & Cortés‐Castell, E. (2017) · Journal of Nursing Management · doi:10.1111/jonm.12506 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Burnout in ICU doctors and nurses in mainland China–A national cross-sectional study
Hu, Z., Wang, H., Xie, J., Zhang, J., Li, H., Liu, S., Li, Q., Yang, Y., & Huang, Y. (2021) · Journal of Critical Care · doi:10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.12.029 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Galletta, M., Portoghese, I., d’Aloja, E., Mereu, A., Contu, P., Coppola, R., Finco, G., & Campagna, M. (2016) · Intensive and Critical Care Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.iccn.2015.11.004 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Which Aspects of Professional Commitment Can Effectively Retain Nurses in the Nursing Profession?
Chang, H., Shyu, Y. L., Wong, M., Friesner, D., Chu, T., & Teng, C. (2015) · Journal of Nursing Scholarship · doi:10.1111/jnu.12152 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Work‐related behaviour and experience pattern in nurses: impact on physical and mental health
Schulz, M., Damkroeger, A., Voltmer, E., Löwe, B., Drießen, M., WARD, M., & Wingenfeld, K. (2011) · Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2850.2011.01691.x · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Ntantana, A., Matamis, D., Savvidou, S., Giannakou, M., Gouva, M., Nakos, G., & Koulouras, V. P. (2017) · Intensive and Critical Care Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.iccn.2017.02.009 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Fuente-Solana, E. I. D. L., Suleiman‐Martos, N., Pradas‐Hernández, L., Gómez‐Urquiza, J. L., la Fuente, G. A. C., & Albendín‐García, L. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16142585 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Self-citationÁlvares, M. E. M., Thomaz, E. B. A. F., Lamy, Z. C., Nina, R. V. D. A. H., Pereira, M. U. L., & Garcia, J. B. S. (2020) · Revista Brasileira de Terapia Intensiva · doi:10.5935/0103-507x.20200036 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Sivakumar, M., Hisham, M., & Saravanabavan, L. (2019) · Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23265 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Intensive Care Unit Nurses: A Concept Analysis
Levi, P., Patrician, P. A., Vance, D. E., Montgomery, A. P., & Moss, J. A. (2020) · Workplace Health & Safety · doi:10.1177/2165079920971999 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Nurse burnout in critical care units and emergency departments: intensity and associated factors.
la Fuente, G. A. C., Albendín‐García, L., Cañadas, G. R., Costas, C. S. L., Ortega‐Campos, E., & Fuente-Solana, E. I. D. L. (2018) · PubMed · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Self-citationBurnout, psychosomatic symptoms and job satisfaction among Dutch nurse anaesthetists: a survey
Meeusen, V., van Dam, K., Brown-Mahoney, C., van Zundert, A. A. J., & Knape, H. (2010) · Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1399-6576.2010.02213.x · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Effort–Reward Imbalance and Burnout Among ICU Nursing Staff
Fortunatti, C. P., & Palmeiro-Silva, Y. K. (2017) · Nursing Research · doi:10.1097/nnr.0000000000000239 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Do nurses feel stressed? A perspective from primary health care
Galdikienė, N., Asikainen, P., Balčiūnas, S., & Suominen, T. (2014) · Nursing & Health Sciences · doi:10.1111/nhs.12108 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Burnout levels of hemodialysis nurses
Kavurmacı, M., Cantekin, I., & Tan, M. (2014) · Renal Failure · doi:10.3109/0886022x.2014.917559 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Correlation between workplace and occupational burnout syndrome in nurses
Azizkhani, R., Ahmadi, O., & Basravi, M. (2014) · Advanced Biomedical Research · doi:10.4103/2277-9175.125751 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Burnout in Brazilian Intensive Care Units: A Comparison of Nurses and Nurse Technicians
Filho, F. A., Rodrigues, M. C. S., & Cimiotti, J. P. (2019) · AACN Advanced Critical Care · doi:10.4037/aacnacc2019222 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Hellyar, M., Madani, C., Yeaman, S., O'Connor, K., Kerr, K. M., & Davidson, J. E. (2018) · Critical Care Nursing Quarterly · doi:10.1097/cnq.0000000000000243 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Burnout and Related Factors of Nurses Caring for DNR Patients in Intensive Care Units, South Korea
Sok, S. R., Sim, H., Han, B., & Park, S. J. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17238899 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Oliveira, E. G., Garcia, P. C., Filho, C. M. C., & Nogueira, L. D. S. (2018) · Nursing in Critical Care · doi:10.1111/nicc.12402 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Relationship of anxiety and burnout with extrasystoles in critical care nurses in Turkey
Denat, Y., Eskin, S. G., Güngör, H., Zencır, C., & Akgüllü, Ç. (2016) · Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.12669/pjms.321.8407 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
la Fuente, G. A. C., Albendín‐García, L., Fuente, E. I. D. L., Costas, C. S. L., Gómez‐Urquiza, J. L., & Cañadas, G. R. (2016) · PubMed · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationFactores asociados con los niveles de burnout en enfermeros de urgencias y cuidados críticos
la Fuente, G. A. C., Albendín‐García, L., Cañadas, G. R., Costas, C. S. L., Ortega‐Campos, E., & Fuente-Solana, E. I. D. L. (2018) · Emergencias · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationLi, P., Kuang, H., & Tan, H. (2021) · PubMed Central · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Interpersonal behaviour in relation to burnout
Geuens, N., Leemans, A., Bogaerts, A., Bogaert, P. V., & Franck, E. (2015) · Nursing Management · doi:10.7748/nm.22.8.26.s27 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 52 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- [2]Maslach C. Jackson S. Leiter M. The Maslach Burnout Inventory: Manual Consulting Psychologist Press Palo Alto, CA, USA 1996
- [15]Howick J. Chalmers I. Glasziou P. Greenhalg T. Heneghan C. Liberati A. Moschetti I. Phillips B. Thornton H. The Oxford 2011 Levels of Evidence Available online: https://www.cebm.net/2016/05/ocebm-levels-of-evidence (accessed on 10 May 2020)
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Quesada-Puga, C., Izquierdo-Espín, F. J., Membrive‐Jiménez, M. J., Aguayo‐Estremera, R., la Fuente, G. A. C., Romero‐Béjar, J. L., & Gómez‐Urquiza, J. L. (2024) · Intensive and Critical Care Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.iccn.2024.103660 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Self-citationPapazian, L., Hraiech, S., Loundou, A., Herridge, M. S., & Boyer, L. (2023) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-023-07025-8 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Bruyneel, A., Bouckaert, N., de Noordhout, C. M., Detollenaere, J., Kohn, L., Pirson, M., Sermeus, W., & den Heede, K. V. (2022) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2022.104385 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Ge, M., Hu, F., Jia, Y., Tang, W. H., Zhang, W., & Chen, H. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/jocn.16708 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Getie, ፟., Ayenew, T., Amlak, B. T., Gedfew, M., Edmealem, A., & Kebede, W. M. (2025) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-025-03266-8 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Galanis, P., Moisoglou, I., Katsiroumpa, A., Vraka, I. S., Siskou, O. C., Konstantakopoulou, O., & Καϊτελίδου, Δ. (2024) · Nursing Reports · doi:10.3390/nursrep14010020 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Morales-García, W. C., Vallejos, M. A., Sairitupa-Sanchez, L. Z., Morales-García, S. B., Rivera‐Lozada, O., & Morales-García, M. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1268336 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Prevalence and levels of burnout in nursing students: A systematic review with meta-analysis
Gómez‐Urquiza, J. L., Velando‐Soriano, A., Membrive‐Jiménez, M. J., Ramírez‐Baena, L., Aguayo‐Estremera, R., Ortega‐Campos, E., & la Fuente, G. A. C. (2023) · Nurse Education in Practice · doi:10.1016/j.nepr.2023.103753 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Self-citationYanbei, R., Dongdong, M., Yun, L., Ning, W., & Fengping, Q. (2023) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-023-01180-5 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Qin, N., Yao, Z., & Guo, M. (2023) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-023-01516-1 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Velando‐Soriano, A., Suleiman‐Martos, N., Pradas‐Hernández, L., Membrive‐Jiménez, M. J., Ramírez‐Baena, L., Gómez‐Urquiza, J. L., & la Fuente, G. A. C. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1142576 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationTopa, G., & Aranda-Carmena, M. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191912711 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Bruyneel, A., Dello, S., Dauvergne, J. E., Kohnen, D., & Sermeus, W. (2024) · Intensive and Critical Care Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.iccn.2024.103885 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Evolution and Treatment of Academic Burnout in Nursing Students: A Systematic Review
Gómez‐Urquiza, J. L., Velando‐Soriano, A., Martos-Cabrera, M. B., Cañadas, G. R., Albendín‐García, L., la Fuente, G. A. C., & Aguayo‐Estremera, R. (2023) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare11081081 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationDíaz, E. A., Rodríguez‐Puente, Z., Gundín, O. A., & Rivera, F. J. P. (2024) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.16279 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Bruyneel, A., Dauvergne, J. E., Bouckaert, N., Caillet, A., Sermeus, W., Poiroux, L., & den Heede, K. V. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/jocn.17650 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Enhancing Respiratory Therapists' Well-Being: Battling Burnout in Respiratory Care
Miller, A. G., Burr, K. L., Juby, J. G., Hinkson, C. R., Hoerr, C. A., Roberts, K. J., Smith, B. J., Strickland, S. L., & Rehder, K. J. (2022) · Respiratory Care · doi:10.4187/respcare.10632 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Yu, C., Liu, Z., Zhao, M., Liu, Y., Zhang, Y., Lin, A., Sang, X., & Wan, H. (2023) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s417729 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Shaban, M., Abdelgawad, M. E., Elsayed, S. M., & Abdallah, H. M. M. (2025) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-025-02852-0 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Human-centered visualization technologies for patient monitoring are the future: a narrative review
Gasciauskaite, G., Lunkiewicz, J., Roche, T. R., Spahn, D. R., Nöthiger, C. B., & Tscholl, D. W. (2023) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-023-04544-0 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Influence of Mutual Support on Burnout among Intensive Care Unit Healthcare Professionals
Haruna, J., Unoki, T., Ishikawa, K., Okamura, H., Kamada, Y., & Hashimoto, N. (2022) · SAGE Open Nursing · doi:10.1177/23779608221084977 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Alkubati, S. A., Alsaqri, S., Alrubaiee, G. G., almoliky, M. A., Alqalah, T. A. H., Pasay-an, E. A., Almeaibed, H., & Elsayed, S. M. (2024) · Australian Critical Care · doi:10.1016/j.aucc.2024.04.008 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Mansouri, P., Rivaz, M., Soltani, R., & Tabei, P. (2025) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-025-02693-x · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Romão, M. E., Setti, I., Alfano, G., & Barello, S. (2025) · Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2025.01.038 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Wu, J., Li, Y., Lin, Q., Zhang, J., Liu, Z., Liu, X., Rong, X., & Zhong, X. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1347249 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
van Zyl-Cillié, M., Bührmann, J. H., Blignaut, A. J., Demirtas, D., & Coetzee, S. K. (2024) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-024-12184-5 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Anxiety and burnout in infectious disease nurses: the role of perceived stress and resilience
Huang, Y., Wang, Z., Li, Y., Zhao, Z., Wang, W., Cai, C., Wu, X., Liu, L., & Chen, M. (2025) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-024-02649-7 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Lee, Y.-L., Dai, J.-W., Li, X.-W., Chiang, M.-Y., Chen, P.-T., Lin, Y.-C., & Wang, C. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-21084-6 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Lin, K., Selvanayagam, N., Patnaik, S., & Kuo, C. (2025) · Journal of Emergency Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.jen.2025.02.007 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Sun, T., Huang, X., Zhang, S.-E., Yin, H., Li, Q.-L., Gao, L., Li, Y., Li, L., Cao, B., Yang, J., et al. (2023) · Risk Management and Healthcare Policy · doi:10.2147/rmhp.s391336 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Dauvergne, J. E., Bruyneel, A., Caillet, A., Caillet, P., Dessomme, B. K., Tack, J., Rozec, B. R., & Poiroux, L. (2024) · Intensive and Critical Care Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.iccn.2024.103866 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Workplace stressors and mental health outcomes among personal support workers: A systematic review
Chireh, B., Essien, S. K., Swerhun, K., D’Arcy, C., & Acharibasam, J. W. (2025) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2025.105093 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Bai, X., Wan, Z., Tang, J., Zhang, D., Shen, K., Wu, X., Qiao, L., Zhou, Y., Wang, Y., Cheng, W., et al. (2023) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.1080/07853890.2023.2234392 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Watland, S., Nes, L. S., Hanson, E. J., Ekstedt, M., Stenberg, U., & Børøsund, E. (2023) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/46299 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Mental workload as a predictor of burnout in intensive care nurses
Gündüz, E. S., & Öztürk, N. K. (2024) · Nursing in Critical Care · doi:10.1111/nicc.13173 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Galanis, P., Katsiroumpa, A., Sourtzi, P., Siskou, O. C., Konstantakopoulou, O., Katsoulas, T. A., & Καϊτελίδου, Δ. (2022) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines11010046 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Ahmad, S. R., Rhudy, L. M., Fogelson, L. A., LeMahieu, A., Barwise, A. K., Gajic, O., & Karnatovskaia, L. V. (2023) · Journal of Patient Experience · doi:10.1177/23743735231201228 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Gender aspects in occupational exposure and health studies
Schlünssen, V., & Jones, R. M. (2023) · Annals of Work Exposures and Health · doi:10.1093/annweh/wxad063 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Wudarczyk, B., Krupa-Nurcek, S., Czapla, M., & Uchmanowicz, I. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1530353 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Anxiety, Depression and Burnout Levels of Nurses Working in COVID-19 Intensive Care Units
Karadağ, S., & Çiçek, B. (2023) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.1177/00302228231156313 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Development of burnout and moral distress in intensive care nurses: An integrative literature review
Salas-Bergüés, V., Pereira-Sánchez, M., Martín‐Martín, J., & Olano‐Lizarraga, M. (2024) · Enfermería Intensiva (English ed ) · doi:10.1016/j.enfie.2024.02.002 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Gravante, F., Pucciarelli, G., Sperati, F., Cecere, L., Anastasi, G., Mancin, S., Rea, T., & Latina, R. (2025) · Australian Critical Care · doi:10.1016/j.aucc.2024.101165 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Alhaj, O. A., Elsahoryi, N. A., Fekih‐Romdhane, F., Wishah, M., Sweidan, D. H., Husain, W., Ammar, A., Trabelsi, K., Hébert, J. R., & Jahrami, H. (2024) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-024-02290-8 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Villagracia, H. N., Akhdair, T. A., Sallam, S. A. E. G., Villagracia, R. W. A., Alshammari, B., Alrasheeday, A., Nageeb, S. M., Dando, L. L., Nacubuan, O. A., Alsaif, T. A., et al. (2025) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-025-03051-7 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Hasan, F. M., Daraghmeh, T., Jaber, M., & Shawahna, R. (2024) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-024-06196-y · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Workplace Gaslighting Is Associated with Nurses’ Job Burnout and Turnover Intention in Greece
Moisoglou, I., Katsiroumpa, A., Konstantakopoulou, O., Papathanasiou, I. V., Katsapi, A., Prasini, I., Chatzi, M., & Galanis, P. (2025) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare13131574 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Yuan, D., Hu, M., Yao, N., Zhong, H., Xiao, Y., Zhou, X., Zhang, R., & Zhang, Y. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-18654-z · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Welch, A. A., Esquibel, B. M., Osterloth, K., Kallies, K. J., Fitzsimmons, A. J., & Waller, C. J. (2022) · Journal of Trauma Nursing · doi:10.1097/jtn.0000000000000671 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Anxiety in Nursing Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
García-Rivas, A., Martos-Cabrera, M. B., Membrive‐Jiménez, M. J., Aguayo‐Estremera, R., Suleiman‐Martos, N., Albendín‐García, L., & Gómez‐Urquiza, J. L. (2024) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare12161575 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationPardasani, R., Vitullo, R., Harris, S., Yapici, H. O., & Beard, J. (2025) · Frontiers in Digital Health · doi:10.3389/fdgth.2025.1638424 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Zeng, L., Cai, H. X., Gao, F., Guan, B., Chen, W., He, W., Peng, T., Li, X.-P., Li, Y., Kung, S. S., et al. (2023) · Journal of research in nursing · doi:10.1177/17449871231172408 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Wang, Y., Wu, L., Liu, C., Li, K., Wang, M., Feng, T., Wang, Q., Chao, W., Ren, L., & Liu, X. (2024) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-024-01751-0 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Pakou, V., Tsartsalis, D., Παπαθανάκος, Γ., Dragioti, E., Gouva, M., & Koulouras, V. P. (2024) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare12050587 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Tomaszewska, K., Kowalczuk, K., Kadučáková, H., Lehotská, M., Papp, K., & Majchrowicz, B. (2024) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare12232443 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Intensive Care Unit Nurses’ Professional Autonomy: A Scoping Review
Ito, Y., Oe, R., Sakai, S., Fujiwara, Y., & Kishimoto, H. (2024) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.57350 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Burnout and personality factors among surgical area nurses: a cross sectional multicentre study
Velando‐Soriano, A., Pradas‐Hernández, L., Membrive‐Jiménez, M. J., Suleiman‐Martos, N., Romero‐Béjar, J. L., Fuente-Solana, E. I. D. L., & la Fuente, G. A. C. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1383735 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationEinarbeitung in der Intensivmedizin
Josuttis, D., Spieckermann, A., Henneberg, J., Fischer, P.-K., Beer, A., Riedel, S., Regner, F., Peter, S., Koppelkamm, L., Albrecht, S., et al. (2024) · DMW - Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift · doi:10.1055/a-2381-5424 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Koroglu, S., & Öksüz, E. (2024) · Nursing in Critical Care · doi:10.1111/nicc.13160 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Gil‐Almagro, F., Monge, F. J. C., García-Hedrera, F. J., & Peñacoba, C. (2024) · Nursing in Critical Care · doi:10.1111/nicc.13172 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Development of burnout and moral distress in intensive care nurses: An integrative literature review
Salas-Bergüés, V., Pereira-Sánchez, M., Martín‐Martín, J., & Olano‐Lizarraga, M. (2024) · Enfermería Intensiva · doi:10.1016/j.enfi.2024.02.005 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Fernández‐Castillo, R., Basco-Prado, L., & Raurell‐Torredà, M. (2025) · Intensive and Critical Care Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.iccn.2024.103937 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Lu, X., Li, D., Luo, H., Wang, L., Lou, Y., & Yu, Y. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1480052 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Wang, Y., Dumas, O., Varraso, R., Sun, Y., Rich-Edwards, J. W., Manson, J. E., Mukamal, K. J., Zhang, Y., Camargo, C. A., & Messerlian, C. (2025) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp14945 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Zhou, X., Duan, D., Chen, L., Zhang, Y., Gong, S., & Chen, Q. (2025) · International Nursing Review · doi:10.1111/inr.70044 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Nurse Life-and-Death Education From the Perspective of Chinese Traditional Culture
Zhang, H., Lv, T., Li, L., Chen, F., He, S., & Ding, D. (2024) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.1177/00302228241236981 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Ambient intelligence–based monitoring of staff and patient activity in the intensive care unit
Chan, P., Tay, A., Chen, D. C., Freitas, M. D., Millet, C., Nguyen-Duc, T., Duke, G. J., Lyall, J., Nguyen, J. T., McNeil, J. J., et al. (2022) · Australian Critical Care · doi:10.1016/j.aucc.2022.08.011 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Guo, X., Li, X., Wang, Y., Wang, Y., Jin, H., Xiao, F., Xiang, Y., Xu, C., Wang, Y., Jia, H., et al. (2023) · Journal of Nursing Management · doi:10.1155/2023/7711237 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Photovoice in Aggression Management Training for Medical and Nursing Students—A Pilot Study
Lickiewicz, J., Lorenz, L. S., & Kolb, B. (2024) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare12090873 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Perspectives of Clinicians on the Value of the Get to Know Me Board in the ICU
Ahmad, S. R., Rhudy, L. M., Barwise, A. K., Ozkan, M. C., Gajic, O., & Karnatovskaia, L. V. (2024) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1016/j.chest.2024.10.016 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Verkaik, I., Jonkman, N. H., Blokzijl, F., Brunsveld‐Reinders, A. H., Esmeijer, A. A., Mulder, I., van de Pol, I., Qualm, J., Rinket, M. A., Roeters, I. R., et al. (2025) · Intensive and Critical Care Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.iccn.2025.104065 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Wang, Y., Sha, S., Lu, X., & Gu, J. (2025) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-025-03409-x · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Decent work conditions and Nigerian nurse emigration: The role of burnout and commitment
Ajayi, D., Tanova, C., Bayighomog, S. W., & Akinwande, A. S. (2025) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105294 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Dhala, A. F., Fusaro, M. V., Uddin, F. S., TUAZON, D. M., Klahn, S., Schwartz, R. L., Sasangohar, F., Alegria, J., & Masud, F. N. (2023) · Methodist DeBakey Cardiovascular Journal · doi:10.14797/mdcvj.1247 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Wang, L., & Zhang, Q. (2024) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-024-02144-z · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Kang, X., Lau, C. E., Chan, E. T. A., & Hassan, N. B. (2025) · Nursing in Critical Care · doi:10.1111/nicc.13262 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Mutair, A. S. A., Alsaleh, K., Alrasheeday, A., Almadani, N. A., Alyami, H. M., Daniyal, M., & Almahmoud, S. A. (2025) · SAGE Open Nursing · doi:10.1177/23779608251350578 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Cerela-Boltunova, O., & Millere, I. (2025) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph22091442 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Savu, C., Armaș, I., Burcea, M., & Dobre, D. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1179803 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Cypress, B. S., Gharzeddine, R., Fu, M. R., Dahan, T. A., & Abate, S. (2024) · Intensive and Critical Care Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.iccn.2024.103896 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Salas-Bergüés, V., Lizarazu-Armendáriz, E., de Urabayen, M. E.-P., Mateo-Manrique, P., Mendívil-Pérez, M., & Goñi-Viguria, R. (2023) · Enfermería Intensiva (English ed ) · doi:10.1016/j.enfie.2023.02.003 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Psychological distress, suicidality and resilience of Lithuanian nurses
Kavaliauskas, P., Kazlauskas, E., & Smailytė, G. (2024) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-024-02632-2 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Hu, C. J., Chen, Y. J., & Hong, R. M. (2023) · Women & Health · doi:10.1080/03630242.2022.2164112 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Yu, S., Zhao, M., Li, Y., Liu, C., Fu, Y., Jiang, Y., & Guan, S. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-18902-2 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Kavaliauskas, P., Nomeikaitė, A., Geležėlytė, O., Kazlauskas, E., & Smailytė, G. (2024) · International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health · doi:10.13075/ijomeh.1896.02350 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Risk factors of burnout among physicians (results of public survey)
Mingazov, A. F., Lukomskiy, I. S., Хабибуллина, Л. Р., & Khomyakov, E. A. (2022) · Koloproktologia · doi:10.33878/2073-7556-2022-21-4-60-67 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
The Complexity of Emergency Nurse Retention and Turnover Pre‐ and Post‐Covid 19: A Scoping Review
Boulton, O., Farquharson, B., & Hoyle, L. P. (2025) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.70467 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Factors associated with burnout among internationally educated nurses: A scoping review
Chen, G., Ogata, Y., & Sasaki, M. (2024) · International Nursing Review · doi:10.1111/inr.13073 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Desai, S., Athalye‐Jape, G., Bottcher, S., Campbell, C., Chiffings, D., Nathan, E., Fardinpour, A., Kinnaird, L., Bulsara, M. K., & Rao, S. C. (2025) · Nursing in Critical Care · doi:10.1111/nicc.13249 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Lee, S., Cunningham, B., Childers, M., Yefimova, M., Kim, H., Hoffmann, T., & Lebares, C. C. (2025) · Applied Nursing Research · doi:10.1016/j.apnr.2025.151965 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
García, A. R., Navarro, C. M., García‐Loygorri, C. F., Marañón, R., & Vázquez-López, P. (2022) · Anales de Pediatría · doi:10.1016/j.anpedi.2022.09.010 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
García, A. R., Navarro, C. M., García‐Loygorri, C. F., Marañón, R., & Vázquez-López, P. (2023) · Anales de Pediatría (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.anpede.2023.01.004 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Tortorelli, M., Trigo, T. R., Bolibio, R., de Freitas, C. C. S., Ribeiro, F. G., de Lúcia, M. C. S., Iosifescu, D. V., & Fráguas, R. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19159342 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Yıldırım, Ö. D., Sıvacı, R., Mecit, B. B. T., & Bakı, E. D. (2023) · Kocatepe tıp dergisi. · doi:10.18229/kocatepetip.1076499 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Gil-Almagro, F., Carmona-Monge, F. J., García-Hedrera, F. J., & Peñacoba-Puente, C. (2025) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2025.1522134 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Síndrome de Burnout y desgaste emocional en personal de enfermería
Romero-Fernández, A. J. (2024) · Revista Arbitrada Interdisciplinaria de Ciencias de la Salud Salud y Vida · doi:10.35381/s.v.v8i15.3202 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Suicide risk factors among Lithuanian medical doctors and residents
Kavaliauskas, P., Kazlauskas, E., & Smailytė, G. (2024) · Archives of Public Health · doi:10.1186/s13690-024-01478-z · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Big Five personality traits and ethical decision-making among nurses
Wang, X., Gao, H., & Jia, Y. (2025) · Nursing Ethics · doi:10.1177/09697330251333371 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Zhang, C. Q., Li, X., He, L., Xu, B., Wu, Y. T., He, J., Wang, W., & Lu, Z. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1617081 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Hackney, L. H., & Surgenor, L. J. (2025) · Australian Critical Care · doi:10.1016/j.aucc.2025.101288 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Badriyah, F. L., Mundakir, M., Rohita, T., Lee, B., & Tonapa, S. I. (2025) · Applied Nursing Research · doi:10.1016/j.apnr.2025.152005 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
- Authors
- Ramírez-Elvira, S., Romero-Béjar, J. L., Suleiman-Martos, N., Gómez-Urquiza, J. L., Monsalve-Reyes, C., Cañadas-De la Fuente, G. A., & Albendín-García, L.
- Affiliations
- Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari (ES)
- Statistics and Operational Research Department, University of Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus Universitario de Ceuta, University of Granada, C/Cortadura del Valle S/N, 51001 Ceuta, Spain
- Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción (CL)
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. de la Ilustración 60, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Andalusian Health Service, Granada-Northeast Health Management Area, Ctra. de Murcia S/N, 18800 Granada, Spain
- ORCID
- Venue
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2021-10-30
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 21
- Pages
- 11432
- ISSN
- 1660-4601 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8583312
- OpenAlex
- W3209574741
- Cited by
- 267
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 61 · 2025: 82 · 2024: 66 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 17
- FWCI
- 7.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Institutional Repository of the University of Granada (University of Granada) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Occupational Therapy › Occupational Health and Burnout
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Stress and Burnout Research
- Keywords
- burnout, intensive care unit nurses, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, personal accomplishment, risk factors, depression, personality factors, sociodemographic factors, workload, working hours
- MeSH terms
- Burnout, Psychological, Burnout, Professional, Humans, Intensive Care Units, Nurses, Risk Factors, Prevalence
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
