The DOI matches its Crossref record; 94 of the 94 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Anxiety, Depression and Quality of Life—A Systematic Review of Evidence from Longitudinal Observational Studies
Open accessAbstract
This review aimed to systematically review observational studies investigating the longitudinal association between anxiety, depression and quality of life (QoL). A systematic search of five electronic databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, PSYNDEX, NHS EED and EconLit) as well as forward/backward reference searches were conducted to identify observational studies on the longitudinal association between anxiety, depression and QoL. Studies were synthesized narratively. Additionally, a random-effects meta-analysis was performed using studies applying the mental and physical summary scores (MCS, PCS) of the Short Form Health Survey. The review was prospectively registered with PROSPERO and a study protocol was published. n = 47 studies on heterogeneous research questions were included, with sample sizes ranging from n = 28 to 43,093. Narrative synthesis indicated that QoL was reduced before disorder onset, dropped further during the disorder and improved with remission. Before onset and after remission, QoL was lower in comparison to healthy comparisons. n = 8 studies were included in random-effects meta-analyses. The pooled estimates of QoL at follow-up (FU) were of small to large effect sizes and showed that QoL at FU differed by disorder status at baseline as well as by disorder course over time. Disorder course groups differed in their MCS scores at baseline. Effect sizes were generally larger for MCS relative to PCS. The results highlight the relevance of preventive measures and treatment. Future research should consider individual QoL domains, individual anxiety/depressive disorders as well as the course of both over time to allow more differentiated statements in a meta-analysis.
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“Anxiety is closely linked to quality of life across various populations.”
From Role of Anxiety in Individuals with Generalized Joint Hypermobility: A Systematic Review (2025) · cites this paper as [20]
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“Reduced quality of life is a predictor of mental health issues, including anxiety disorders.20”
From Role of Anxiety in Individuals with Generalized Joint Hypermobility: A Systematic Review (2025) · cites this paper as [20]
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Cites
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“In line with this, studies on school-based prevention programs show a significant reduction in anxiety and depressive symptoms [92,93], and psychosocial prevention programs may additionally improve QoL [94].”
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Ren, J., & Xiao, H. (2023) · Life · doi:10.3390/life13071505 · Cited by 104
Intrinsic Capacity to Predict Future Adverse Health Outcomes in Older Adults: A Scoping Review
Zhou, J., Chang, H., Leng, M., & Wang, Z. (2023) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare11040450 · Cited by 60
Smith, S. J., Lopresti, A. L., & Fairchild, T. J. (2023) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/02698811231200023 · Cited by 67
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Fear of war and mental health in Germany
Hajek, A., Kretzler, B., & König, H. (2022) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-022-02394-9 · Cited by 49
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Hohls, J. K., König, H.-H., Quirke, E., & Hajek, A.
- Affiliations
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Hajek, André
- Venue
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2021-11-16
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 22
- Pages
- 12022
- ISSN
- 1660-4601 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8621394
- OpenAlex
- W3213950460
- Cited by
- 296
- References
- 94
- Citations by year
- 2026: 67 · 2025: 98 · 2024: 67 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 22
- FWCI
- 5.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- University of Exeter
- Universität Hamburg
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Health and Well-being Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- anxiety disorders, depression, quality of life, longitudinal associations, remission, mental health, physical health, Short Form Health Survey, preventive measures
- MeSH terms
- Anxiety, Anxiety Disorders, Depression, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Quality of Life
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