Prevalence and Treatment of Mental Disorders Among US Children in the 2001–2004 NHANES

Merikangas, Kathleen Ries; He, Jian-Ping; Brody, Debra; Fisher, Prudence W.; Bourdon, Karen; Koretz, Doreen S.

doi:10.1542/peds.2008-2598

Cited by 1,172Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentMental Health Treatment and AccessHealth and Medical Studies

Prevalence and Treatment of Mental Disorders Among US Children in the 2001–2004 NHANES

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Merikangas, Kathleen Ries, He, Jian-Ping, Brody, Debra, Fisher, Prudence W., Bourdon, Karen, Koretz, Doreen S.·2010·Pediatrics

DOI 10.1542/peds.2008-2598PMC PMC2938794

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: This article presents the 12-month prevalence estimates of specific mental disorders, their social and demographic correlates, and service use patterns in children and adolescents from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a nationally representative probability sample of noninstitutionalized US civilians. METHODS: The sample includes 3042 participants 8 to 15 years of age from cross-sectional surveys conducted from 2001 to 2004. Data on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria for mental disorders were derived from administration of selected modules of the National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children, version IV, a structured diagnostic interview administered by lay interviewers to assess psychiatric diagnoses of children and adolescents. RESULTS: Twelve-month prevalence rates of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition–defined disorders in this sample were 8.6% for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, 3.7% for mood disorders, 2.1% for conduct disorder, 0.7% for panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder, and 0.1% for eating disorders. Boys had 2.1 times greater prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder than girls, girls had twofold higher rates of mood disorders than boys, and there were no gender differences in the rates of anxiety disorders or conduct disorder. Only approximately one half of those with one of the disorders assessed had sought treatment with a mental health professional. CONCLUSION: These data constitute a first step in building a national database on mental health in children and adolescents.

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An estimated 50% of youth identified as needing therapy were found in a national survey to not have begun treatment.
“An estimated 50% of youth identified as needing therapy were found in a national survey to not have begun treatment (Merikangas et al., 2010).”
From Development of a Differential Assessment Guide to Improve Engagement with Youths & Families Living with Chronic Trauma (2023) · cites this paper as Merikangas et al., 2010
The Discussion reports that about half of youths with one of the mental disorders examined had sought mental health treatment, supporting the estimate that roughly half had not. But the survey identified disorders rather than determining who needed therapy, and its treatment measure does not establish that those without reported service use had never begun treatment. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Only a small percentage of anxious youths receives treatment, despite the obvious need for health care services for this population.
“However, studies indicate that only a small percentage of anxious youths receives treatment, despite the obvious need for health care services for this population (Essau et al., 2000; Merikangas et al., 2010; Wang et al., 2007).”
From Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for adolescents with anxiety disorders: A feasibility study (2018) · cites this paper as Merikangas et al., 2010
The observed prevalence estimates were generally similar to those of previous studies.
“The observed prevalence estimates were generally similar to those of previous studies,1–8,22,23 and salient differences in sociodemographic and clinical correlates were observed between eating disorder subtypes.”
From Prevalence and Correlates of Eating Disorders in Adolescents: Results From the National Comorbidity Survey Replication Adolescent Supplement (2011) · cites this paper as [22]
Underdiagnosis and undertreatment of childhood and adolescent depression and anxiety are well-documented concerns.
“Underdiagnosis and undertreatment of childhood and adolescent depression and anxiety are well-documented concerns [9,10].”
From eMental Healthcare Technologies for Anxiety and Depression in Childhood and Adolescence: Systematic Review of Studies Reporting Implementation Outcomes (2018) · cites this paper as [9]

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Authors: Merikangas, K. R., He, J.-P., Brody, D., Fisher, P. W., Bourdon, K., & Koretz, D. S.
Affiliations: National Institutes of Health (US)
Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
New York State Psychiatric Institute (US)
National Institute of Mental Health (US)
Harvard University (US)
ORCID: Merikangas, Kathleen Ries
Fisher, Prudence W.
Venue: Pediatrics
Publisher: American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
Published: 2010-01-01
Volume: 125
Issue: 1
Pages: 75-81
ISSN: 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
1098-4275
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2008-2598
PMC: PMC2938794
OpenAlex: W1999066126
Cited by: 1,172
References: 51
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 55 · 2022: 65 · 2021: 128 · 2020: 94 · 2019: 82 · 2018: 90 · 2017: 91 · 2016: 88 · 2015: 88 · 2014: 98 · 2013: 86 · 2012: 70
FWCI: 47.31
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
National Institute of Mental Health (ZIAMH002870, Z01MH002870)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health and Medical Studies
Keywords: child and adolescent mental disorders, prevalence, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, mood disorders, conduct disorder, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, gender differences, mental health service utilization, NHANES
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Mental Disorders, Child, Combined Modality Therapy, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Health Services, Prognosis, Severity of Illness Index, United States, Prevalence, Multivariate Analysis, Logistic Models, Age Distribution, Sex Distribution, Risk Assessment, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

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Prevalence and Treatment of Mental Disorders Among US Children in the 2001–2004 NHANES

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