Cited by 336Smoking Behavior and CessationMicroplastics and Plastic PollutionWaste Management and Recycling

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Cigarettes Butts and the Case for an Environmental Policy on Hazardous Cigarette Waste

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Novotny, Thomas E., Lum, Kristen, Smith, Elizabeth, Wang, Vivian, Barnes, Richard·2009·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

DOI 10.3390/ijerph6051691PMC PMC2697937

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Abstract

Discarded cigarette butts are a form of non-biodegradable litter. Carried as runoff from streets to drains, to rivers, and ultimately to the ocean and its beaches, cigarette filters are the single most collected item in international beach cleanups each year. They are an environmental blight on streets, sidewalks, and other open areas. Rather than being a protective health device, cigarette filters are primarily a marketing tool to help sell ‘safe’ cigarettes. They are perceived by much of the public (especially current smokers) to reduce the health risks of smoking through technology. Filters have reduced the machine-measured yield of tar and nicotine from burning cigarettes, but there is controversy as to whether this has correspondingly reduced the disease burden of smoking to the population. Filters actually may serve to sustain smoking by making it seem less urgent for smokers to quit and easier for children to initiate smoking because of reduced irritation from early experimentation. Several options are available to reduce the environmental impact of cigarette butt waste, including developing biodegradable filters, increasing fines and penalties for littering butts, monetary deposits on filters, increasing availability of butt receptacles, and expanded public education. It may even be possible to ban the sale of filtered cigarettes altogether on the basis of their adverse environmental impact. This option may be attractive in coastal regions where beaches accumulate butt waste and where smoking indoors is increasingly prohibited. Additional research is needed on the various policy options, including behavioral research on the impact of banning the sale of filtered cigarettes altogether.

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Authors: Novotny, T. E., Lum, K., Smith, E., Wang, V., & Barnes, R.
Affiliations: University of California, San Francisco (US)
Corresponding author: Novotny, Thomas E.
ORCID: Novotny, Thomas E.
Smith, Elizabeth
Wang, Vivian
Venue: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Publisher: MDPI AG
Published: 2009-05-20
Volume: 6
Issue: 5
Pages: 1691-1705
ISSN: 1660-4601 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph6051691
PMC: PMC2697937
OpenAlex: W2118774542
Cited by: 336
References: 17
Citations by year: 2026: 17 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 10
FWCI: 6.21
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (vor)
Locations: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders: Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program
National Cancer Institute (R01CA061021, CA-61021)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Microplastics and Plastic Pollution
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Waste Management and Disposal › Waste Management and Recycling
Keywords: cigarette butts, cigarette filters, hazardous waste, environmental policy, littering, beach litter, biodegradable filters, deposit system, smoking initiation, smoking cessation
MeSH terms: Environment, Humans, Smoking, Nicotiana, Tobacco Industry

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Cigarettes Butts and the Case for an Environmental Policy on Hazardous Cigarette Waste

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